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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVI. No. 658 



years. At the Carnegie Technical Schools 

 in Pittsburg arrangements have been en- 

 tered into by which boys will take a part 

 of their training for certain trades in the 

 ordinary course of apprenticeship, under 

 the control of the trades unions, and an- 

 other part of their training for the same 

 trades in the technical schools. At the 

 University of Cincinnati the experiment is 

 making of combining work for wages in a 

 regular shop with the studies of an engi- 

 neering coui-se, two young men counting 

 for one in the shop by alternating on one- 

 week shifts, each taking his university 

 studies in the week that he is not at the 

 bench. The experiment is watched with 

 the liveliest interest by both shopmen and 

 university men and thus far it gives prom- 

 ise of success. In the movement toward 

 the establishment of public trade schools, 

 now under way in Massachusetts and Con- 

 necticut and in several other states, the 

 relation of the apprenticeship to the school 

 is a question of the utmost importance, 

 both educationally and in its connection 

 with the problems of trades unionism. 

 From a general pedagogical standpoint the 

 combination of the methods of the literary 

 school with the methods of apprenticeship 

 seems one of the most promising of present 

 opportunities for the exercise of educa- 

 tional invention. 



May I venture, in the second place, to 

 speak of the present problem in the higher 

 education of women. I will not say what 

 I think about the subject here and now, 

 when I am so happily indebted to your 

 generous hospitality. I do not think you 

 would care to have me indulge in the lan- 

 guage of compliment. But before I came 

 to Vassar, let us say, the question of 

 woman's higher education in America 

 seemed to me to lie about as follows : That, 

 after the great advance we have made in 

 this field, which has commanded the atten- 



tion of the world and the admiration of a 

 good part of the world, we have come to 

 something like a standstill, and some of the 

 most important steps have not been taken 

 as yet. It has taken a great struggle to 

 establish fully the higher education of 

 woman as a simple human need. But that 

 battle has been won. The integration of 

 woman's education with the general scheme 

 of education has been brought about. But 

 the differentiation of woman's education 

 is yet to be accomplished. Let us admit 

 that the task of integration was by far the 

 greater task. But does it follow that the 

 differentiation is no task at all ? Or to put 

 it in other words : the functions of men and 

 women in society are different in many 

 ways. Do those differences lie wholly be- 

 yond the range of education? I am confi- 

 dent that they can not permanently be left 

 outside of the range of education; but the 

 task of bringing them under educational 

 treatment is one of the greatest difficulty. 

 It calls for the highest exercise of inventive 

 skill and patience. In coeducational insti- 

 tutions, under a system of free election, the 

 problem tends to solve itself by the gravita- 

 tion of women toward certain courses and 

 of men toward certain other courses, while 

 still other courses are common ground. 

 But this solution is only partial and un- 

 satisfactory. Some practicable scheme of 

 preparation for mother-work will, we can 

 not doubt, be devised in the course of time. 

 There will be, some day, an education for 

 home making and for woman's leading part 

 in the finer forms of social intercourse, 

 which will do on the higher academic plane 

 what was done in a more petty way, gener- 

 ations ago, in popular finishing schools for 

 girls. But this, too, is only a part. There 

 is to be, further, a serious preparation for 

 woman's part in the economic, the indus- 

 trial, and even the political world. What 

 the all-round solution of this problem will 



