176 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVI. No. 658 



ide; in the presence of a small quantity of 

 blood serum, carbon dioxide causes greater 

 enzymotic activity than in the presence of 

 salt solution alone. 



Extirpation of hoth Kidneys from a Cat and 

 Transplantation of hoth Kidneys from an- 

 other Cat, with Exhihition of Specimens: 

 Alexis Carrel. 



Both kidneys from a cat were extirpated 

 and immediately replaced by both kidneys 

 from another cat. After this operation the 

 animal urinated abundantly. Urine collected 

 during the first few days contained albumin. 

 On the fourteenth day the cat was operated 

 on for hernia of the small intestine through 

 the abdominal wound. The animal died from 

 general peritonitis one day after this second 

 operation. 



The anatomical specimen shows that the 

 kidneys are a little enlarged. There is a 

 slight hydronephrosis on the left side. Never- 

 theless, both organs appear to be in good con- 

 dition. William J. Gies, 



Secretary 



THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 



The club met on May 29, 1907, at the mu- 

 seum building of the New York Botanical 

 Garden at 3 :30 o'clock, with an attendance of 

 twenty. 



Dr. John Hendley Barnhart was called to 

 the chair. 



After the reading and approval of the 

 minutes of the meeting of May 14, the follow- 

 ing scientific program was presented: 



The Linnwan and Other Early Known Species 



of Cratmgus: Mr. W. W. Eggleston. 



The earliest record found of American 

 Cratcegi is from the Spanish by Caspar Bau- 

 hini, in 1623. It is as follows: " Mespilus 

 vi/rginiana colore rutilo. Mespiliis qui colore 

 est rutilo ut cerasa & valde dulcis, part. I., 

 Ind. occid." 



The latter part of this quotation probably 

 refers to Historia Medicinal, by Monardes, in 

 1569. 



Lists of plants raised in the botanical garden 

 at Leiden published by Herman in 168Y, by 

 Boerhaave in 1720, and by Koyen in 1740 ; and 



in the Schola Botanica, published at Paris, in 

 1687; as well as Linnasus's own lists (Hort. 

 ClifEortianus and Hort. Upsaliensis), give 

 short references to American Crataegi; but it 

 is to the English botanist, Plukenet, that we 

 owe our first real knowledge of American 

 thorns. His plates and descriptions are re- 

 ferred to by Linnseus, and these, with his refer- 

 ences, are invaluable to us. 



Contemporary with Plukenet was Ray, who 

 also added somewhat to our knowledge. John 

 Banister, of Jamestown or Williamsburg, Va., 

 must have contributed much to Plukenet's 

 knowledge, as he was the first English botanist 

 to live in Virginia, and sent many seeds and 

 specimens to England. 



This Chesapeake bay region produced all of 

 the Linnaean species, except the one that has 

 been referred to as C. tomentosa. This might 

 have been brought from farther back in the 

 country, perhaps by the Indians, as it was one 

 of the earliest thorns raised in England, and 

 is not found in the coastal plain. 



In Plukenet's " Phytographia," published in 

 1691, are five figures of American Cratsegi; 

 Plukenet says that he saw the species illus- 

 trated in his plate 46, Fig. 1 in the garden of 

 the Hon. Charles Howard, in Surrey. This 

 specimen Linnaeus refers to Crataegus Crus- 

 galli. A colored plate of it is published in 

 the "List of Plants raised for sale by the 

 English Gardeners about London " (Hort. 

 Brit), published in 1730. This is the plant 

 labeled in the Linnaeus herbarium as 0. 

 tomentosa. About this Miller was undoubt- 

 edly right, for Plukenet's description will 

 cover no other American thorn, certainly 

 none other that was raised in England at that 

 time. 



Plukenet's plate 46, Fig. 2, undoubtedly 

 refers to C. Phaenopyrum (Linn. f.). There is 

 a good plate of this in Hort. Brit. Linnaeus 

 referred this plate to Crataegus coccinea, and 

 it has long been incorrectly referred to as G. 

 cordata (Miller). 



Phienet's plate 46, Fig. 4, is the first figure 

 referred by Linnaeus to Crataegus coccinea. 

 This figure and description require a smooth 

 thorn with broad, slightly-lobed leaves, and a 



