SEPTEMBEr. 27, 1907] 



SCIENCE 



409 



repulsion of the astral centers. Actually, we 

 have neither of these conditions, but instead, a 

 configuration like that of iron filings between 

 opposite magnetic poles and at the same time 

 an apparent repulsion ietween the astral cen- 

 ters or the centrosomes. 



This is not the case with the forces of at- 

 traction or repulsion existing between bodies 

 oscillating or pulsating in a fluid medium. 

 More specifically, if two spheres are pulsating 

 synchronously, and in opposite phase, or 

 oscillating synchrono^^sly and in the same 

 phase, they will repel one another, hut at the 

 same time the field hetween them will simu- 

 late the configuration of iron filings ietween 

 opposite magnetic poles.' 



If then we assume that the centrosomes are 

 pulsating in opposite phase, or better, oscilla- 

 ting in the same phase, we shall obtain the 

 desired repulsion and at the same time have a 

 config-uration like that actually observed. 



The configuration taken by the chromo- 

 somes is explicable on the same grounds. In- 

 deed, it is not necessary to assume any inde- 

 pendent motion on their part, but simply to 

 consider it an induction phenomenon. The 

 tri- and multi-polar spindles are also better 

 explained on these hydrodynamic grounds than 

 on previous assumptions. 



The foregoing explanation is, of course, pure 

 hypothesis, with no support other than the 

 facts it seeks to explain. There is, however, 

 nothing inherently impossible in it, and it 

 may provoke fresh observation and new ideas. 



Transfusion Experiments on Dogs, showing 



Artificially Implanted Tumors: George W. 



Crile and S. P. Beebe. 



Direct transfusion of the whole blood from 

 immune dogs to dogs with actively growing, 

 artificially implanted tumors has been con- 

 ducted in six animals. In the first set of 

 three, sufficient time has elapsed to determine 

 the outcome, which was as follows : 



I. Dog 116. Planted January Y, 1907. 

 Tumors were first seen on Pebruary 20; con- 

 tinued to grow slowly. March 20, transfusion 

 experiment: dog was bled 400 c.c. and imme- 



' See Bjerknes's text-book, " Hydrodynamische 

 Femkrafte," J. A. Earth, Leipzig, 1902. 



diately transfused with 550 c.c. of blood from 

 dog 244, in which implantation had occurred 

 on January 18; tumors were first noticed on 

 Pebruai-y 6, and had continued to grow until 

 February 20, when they began to regress. 

 Eegression complete March 7. Thr.ee days 

 after transfusion, dog 244 was again planted 

 with tumor. Four plants were made with 

 positive results in three and tumors are grow- 

 ing at the present time. The immunity which 

 dog 244 possessed as a result of the previous^ 

 growth and regression of the tumors could not 

 have been very marked. The efl^ect of this 

 transfusion upon tumors of dog 116 was nega- 

 tive, since they continued to grow until the 

 death of the animal in a cachetic condition 

 four weeks later. 



II. Dog 125. Weight 13 kilos. Tumors 

 were planted December 6. All plants grew 

 and continued to increase in size until the day 

 of transfusion, March 20. On this day the 

 dog was bled 500 c.c. and immediately trans- 

 fused with the same quantity of blood from 

 dog 163. Following the bleeding and trans- 

 fusion the tumors of dog 125 became softer 

 and began to regress. One tumor has entirely - 

 disappeared and the others are subsiding. 



III. Dog 133. Weight 17 kilos. Tumors - 

 planted January 31; first growth noticed Feb- 

 ruary 13, and continued active until day of 

 transfusion. March 20, bled 600 c.c. and 

 transfused 1,500 c.c. from dog 289. The 

 latter animal was 19J kilos in weight, in very 

 good physical condition and natiirally immune 

 to the tumor. Following this transfusion, - 

 which was the largest and of the best quality 

 that any animal in this series received, the 

 tumors of dog 133 began to regress im- 

 mediately, and at the present tirne the regres- 

 sion is complete. 



The authors postponed discussion of these 

 results. 



Transplantation of the Thigh from One Dog 



to Another: Alexis Carrel. 



On April 23, 1907, at 9 :50 a.m., a medium- - 

 sized dog was killed with chloroform. At 

 10:20 A.M. the left thigh of the cadaver was 

 amputated just below its middle part, per- 

 fused with Locke solution and placed on a. 



