September 27, 1907] 



SCIENCE 



413 



Potassium cyanide and sodium fluoride in 

 1:10,000 solution inhibit the action of lipase 

 on the fats, and calcium chloride removes the 

 lytic agent from an active mixture. Since 

 the bile salts are known to increase lipolysis, 

 the efl'ects of the sodium salts of cholic, glyco- 

 cholic and taurocholic acids in n/500 solu- 

 tions were tested on lipolytic hemolysis. The 

 rate of hemolysis veas accelerated. 



On the Mechanism hy which Water is elim- 

 inated -from the Blood Capillaries in the 

 Active Salivary Glands: A. J. Carlson, J. 

 E. Greer and F. C. Becht. 

 There is a spontaneous flow of lymph from 

 the quiescent parotid gland of the horse. It 

 is probable that part of the lymph that flows 

 from the neck lymphatics in an anesthetized 

 dog with all the salivary glands at rest comes 

 from the salivary glands. When the parotid 

 of the horse is thrown into activity by stim- 

 ulation of the cranial secretory nerves, or by 

 injection of pilocarpin into the blood, there is 

 no appreciable increase in the output of 

 lymph from the gland as compared with that 

 from the gland at rest. This is true both of 

 the spontaneous flow and of the flow aided by 

 direct massage of the gland. The activity of 

 the submaxillary does not appreciably infl.u- 

 ence the flow of lymph from the neck lymph- 

 atic in the dog. This conclusion is based on 

 experiments on thirteen dogs. If the activity 

 of the submaxillary gland increases the output 

 of lymph from the neck ducts, the increase is 

 too slight to be detected by present methods, 

 and is not one tenth of the saliva eliminated 

 by the gland, as Barcroft's observations would 

 seem to demand. 



In dogs under light ether anesthesia, per- 

 fectly quiescent and with aU the salivary 

 glands at rest, there is always a spontaneous 

 flow of lymph from the neck lymphatics. 



The osmotic pressure of the lymph from the 

 active parotid of the horse is not the same in 

 all animals. The lymph obtained from the 

 active gland had in three cases considerably 

 lower osmotic pressures than the serum, a fact 

 ■which apparently eliminates osmosis as the 

 factor effecting the transfer of water from the 

 blood capillaries in the active gland. The 



osmotic pressure of the lymph from the neck 

 lymphatics of the horse, collected with the 

 animal under chloroform anesthesia, may be 

 of slightly higher, of the same or of consid- 

 erably lower osmotic pressure than the serum. 

 The osmotic pressure of the lymph from the 

 neck lymphatics of the dog is usually lower 

 than that of the serum. It is rarely greater. 

 The thoracic lymph was in one case of the 

 same, in the other case, of a higher, osmotic 

 pressure than the serum. It is therefore 

 probable that the osmotic pressure of the tho- 

 racic lymph is usually greater than that of 

 the neck lymph. 



Under the conditions of the experiments — 

 ether or chloroform anesthesia for from two 

 to four hours — the osmotic pressure of the 

 serum at the end of the experiments was in 

 many cases greater than at the beginning. 

 The same diiference is sometimes exhibited 

 by the lymph collected from the same lymph- 

 atic, but at different periods of the experiment. 



On the Dissociation in Solutions of the Neu- 

 tral Caseinates of Sodium and Ammonium : 

 T. Brailsford Eobertson. 

 In the case of the neutral easeinate of 

 sodium the sum of the ionic velocities was 

 found to be slightly greater than the velocity 

 of the Na ion, indicating a specific velocity 

 of 2.6 X 10"' cm. per second for the casein 

 anion at 25° C. In the case of ammonium 

 easeinate, however, the sum of the ionic 

 velocities was found to be considerably less 

 than the specific velocity of the ammonium 

 ion. This was interpreted as indicating the 

 presence in this solution of complex cations 

 containing ammonium. Other considerations 

 show that the effect is not due to viscosity. 

 If casein be regarded as an ampholyte of the 

 type HXOH, the sodium salt would be of the 

 type ]Sra+-f XOH"; it is possible that the 

 ammonium salt in solution forms ions of the 

 type NH,X+ -f OH" or ]SrH.X+ + XOH". 



The Altmann Granules in Kidney and Liver 

 and their Relation to Granular and Fatty 

 Degenerations: William OphOls. 

 In the kidneys of dogs, rabbits and guinea- 

 pigs the author found the following arrange- 



