506 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol,. XXVI. No. 668 



atomical nomenclature has by it been brought 

 within easy reach. The original report, how- 

 ever, has not been sufficiently accessible in 

 this country, and Professor Barker has done 

 good service for anatomy in republishing the 

 list of accepted terms in their Latin form as 

 originally adopted, giving also a literal trans- 

 lation of each term; and, in the few cases 

 when a term differs to any great extent from 

 the English usage, the familiar term is also 

 added. The nomenclature is thus made ac- 

 cessible in a convenient form for all who re- 

 quire a knowledge of anatomical terms, and 

 the introduction to the book, in which are 

 given an interesting account of the work of 

 the commission and a discussion of the ad- 

 yantages of a uniform terminology, is worthy 

 of careful perusal by all who are in any way 

 interested in anatomy. 



The translations of some of the Latin terms 

 are open to criticism in that convenience has 

 occasionally been sacrificed to literalness; it 

 seems unnecessary, for instance, to translate 

 intestinum jejunum, intestinum ileum and 

 intestinum, cceciim, by empty intestine, twisted 

 intestine and blind intestine, when the ad- 

 jectival portions of the Latin terms are al- 

 ready in common use in English text-books. 

 There seems little likelihood that the Latin 

 terms will be generally employed by English- 

 speaking people, nor is it necessary that they 

 should be ; their use merely adds an additional 

 burden for the student and savors somewhat 

 of pedantry. It would perhaps be a further 

 aid to the cause of uniform terminology if, 

 let us say, the American Association of Anat- 

 omists would select for each BNA term an 

 English form; the great majority of Professor 

 Barker's translations, and they are intended 

 merely as translations, could be adopted as 

 they stand, and, with some few modifications, 

 the entire list given an authority which it 

 now lacks. J. P. McM. 



The Labyrinth of Anim.als. (Including 

 mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.) 

 By Albert A. Gray, M.D., F.R.S.E., Sur- 

 geon for Diseases of the Ear to the Vic- 

 toria Infirmary, Glasgow. London, J. & 



A. Churchill. 1907. Vol. I. Pp. 197; 



31 stereoscopic photographs. 



This volume deals with the labyrinths of 

 Primates (man, yellow-faced baboon, black 

 ape, green monkey, Hocheur monkey, Mona 

 monkey, common marmoset, mongoose lemur, 

 slow loris) ; Cheiroptera (Indian fruit bat, 

 pipistrelle) ; Carnivora (tiger, lion, cat, puma, 

 dog, aard-wolf, mongoose, otter, common 

 weasel, crab-eating raccoon, common seal, gray 

 seal. Cape sea-lion) ; Ungulata (the beisa 

 antelope, Indian gazelle, common sheep, 

 dromedary, common pig, horse) ; Edentata 

 (three-toed sloth, Tamanduan ant-eater) ; and 

 Eodentia (common hare, common rabbit, com- 

 mon mouse, common rat, hairy-footed jerboa). 

 It is intended to bring out a second volume 

 dealing with rodents, insectivora, cetacea, 

 sirenia, marsupalia, monotremata, birds, rep- 

 tiles and amphibia. 



The method of study employed is as fol- 

 lows: The labyrinth with the bone immedi- 

 ately about it is fixed in a five- to ten-per-cent. 

 formaline solution, embedded first in celloidin 

 and then in paraffin, delcalcified in hydrochloric 

 acid and then washed. There remains a cast 

 of the organ in paraffin and in this the mem- 

 branous structures are embedded. The object 

 is now placed in xylol, which removes the 

 paraffin and leaves the organ transparent. It 

 is then photographed from two points of view 

 by taking one picture, then slightly rotating 

 the object-holder and taking the other picture. 

 Each picture represents the image seen by one 

 eye. The pictures are mounted like ordinary 

 stereoscopic photographs and are studied with 

 a stereoscope. In publishing these photo- 

 graphs they are pasted on rather heavy card- 

 board, two to a page, and the book is accom- 

 panied by a pair of prisms, with which, after 

 a little practise, good stereoscopic images may 

 be obtained. 



Dr. Gray is evidently a skilled preparator. 

 In the photographs the objects are magnified, 

 usually from four to six diameters, and 

 through the stereoscope they stand out with a 

 beautiful distinctness. 



Each photograph is accompanied by a few 

 lines of descriptive text. In addition brief 



