October 18, 1907] 



SCIENCE 



521 



sitions for amendmeuts or additions to the 

 code. In accordance with the rule established 

 by the Cambridge Congress, a number of these 

 propositions could not be considered formally, 

 because they did not reach the commission at 

 least one year prior to the meeting of the 

 present congress. 



In its deliberations, the commission decided 

 to report to the congress only those proposi- 

 tions upon which the vote in commission, as 

 assembled here, was unanimous. The follow- 

 ing propositions are unanimously recom- 

 mended for adoption : 



Add to Art. 8 the following: 



Recommendation. — Certain biological groups 

 which have been proposed distinctly as collective 

 groups, not as systematic units, may be treated 

 for convenience as if they were genera, but they 

 require no type species. Examples: Agamodis- 

 tomum, Amphistomuhim, Agamofilaria, Aganio- 

 mermis, Sparganum. 



Add to Art. 14 the following: 



Recommendation. — It is well to avoid the in- 

 troduction of the names typious and typus as new 

 names for species or subspecies, since these names 

 are always liable to result in later confusion. 



Add to Art. 20 the following: 



Recommendation. — In proposing new names 

 based upon personal names which are written 

 sometimes with a, o or u, at other times with 

 se, oe and ue, it is recommended that authors 

 adopt ae, oe and ue. Example: muelleri in pref- 

 erence to mnlleri. 



Add to Art. 29 : 



Recommendation. — To facilitate reference, it 

 is recommended that when an older species is 

 taken as type of a new genus, its name should be 

 actually combined with the new generic name, in 

 addition to citing it with the old generic name. 

 Example: Gilbertella Eigenmann, 1903, Smith- 

 sonian Misc. Coll., V. 45, p. 147, type Q-ilbertella 

 alata (Steindachner) :=Anacyrtus alatus Stein- 

 dachner. 



Strike out the entire Art. 30 (dealing with 

 the designation of type species of genera) and 

 substitute therefor the following: 



Art. SO. — The designation of type species of 

 genera shall be governed by the following rules 

 (a-g) , applied in the following order of pre- 

 cedence : 



I. Cases in which the generic type is accepted 

 solely upon the basis of the original publication — 



(a) When in the original publication of a 

 genus, one of the species is definitely designated 

 as type, this species shall be accepted as type 

 regardless of any other considerations. (Type by 

 original designation.) 



(6) If, in the original publication of a genus, 

 typicus or typus is used as a new specific name 

 for one of the species, such use shall be construed 

 as " type by original designation." 



(c) A genus proposed with a single original 

 species takes that species as its type. (Mono- 

 typical genera.) 



(d) If a genus, without originally designated 

 (see a) or indicated (see 5) type, contains among 

 its original species one possessing the generic 

 name as its specific or subspeoific name, either as 

 valid name or synonym, that species or subspecies 

 becomes ipso facto type of the genus. (Type by 

 absolute tautonomy. ) 



II. Cases in which the generic type is not ac- 

 cepted solely upon basis of the original publica- 

 tion — 



(e) The following species are excluded from 

 consideration in selecting the types of genera: 



(a) Species which were not included under the 

 generic name at the time of its original publica- 

 tion. 



((3) Species which were species inquirendce from 

 the standpoint of the author of the generic name 

 at the time of its publication. 



(7) Species which the author of the genus 

 doubtfully referred to it. 



(f) In case a generic name without originally 

 designated type is proposed as a substitute for 

 another generic name, with or without type, the 

 type of either, when established, becomes ipso 

 -facto type of the other. 



{g) If an author, in publishing a genus with 

 more than one valid species, fails to designate 

 (see o) or to indicate (see B, d) its type, any 

 subsequent author may select the type, and such 

 designation is not subject to change. (Type by 

 subsequent designation.) 



The meaning of the expression " select a type " 

 is to be rigidly construed. Mention of a species 

 as an illustration or example of a genus does not 

 constitute a selection of a type. 



III. Recommendations. — In selecting types by 

 subsequent designation, authors will do well to 

 govern themselves by the following recommenda- 

 tions : 



(h) In ease of Linnsean genera, select as type 



