786 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVI. No. 675 



mologist, and liis work in this direction can 

 not fail to be of great value to his govern- 

 ment. 



There is in Belgium an entomological 

 service of the State Agricultural Institute, 

 and in the Bulletin de I'Agrieulture, Part 

 II., 1907, there appears a long article upon 

 the observations of this service for 1906, by 

 Professor Poskin. In this report is given 

 a comprehensive account of the Avhole sub- 

 ject of insecticides. 



RUSSIA 



In Russia rather more work is being 

 done than in most of the other European 

 countries. The necessity for work in eco- 

 nomic entomology in this country is 

 greater than in the small countries, as 

 pointed out in a previous paragraph. 

 Under the direct charge of Professor J. 

 Portschinsky, of the Ministry of Agricul- 

 ture, stations have been established in dif- 

 ferent parts of the empire where entomo- 

 logical work of considerable value is being 

 carried on. 



During the present year the speaker has 

 visited three of these stations, one at Kieff 

 in the province of Kieff, under the charge 

 of Professor Waldemar Pospielow; one at 

 Kischeneff in Bessarabia, iinder the charge 

 of Professor Isaac Krassiltchik ; and one at 

 Simferopol in the Crimea, under the charge 

 of Professor Sigismond Mokschetsky. All 

 of these men are trained observers, and 

 are doing excellent work. 



Professor Pospielow is connected with 

 the University at Kieff, and is known for 

 his reseaMies on the influence of certain 

 physical conditions upon the color of 

 lepidoptera. Professor Krassiltchik has 

 a private station in Kischeneff; Professor 

 ]\Ioksehetsky is the director of the museum 

 of natural history in Simferopol, an in- 

 stitution which he has built up by his own 

 labors. He has conducted many investiga- 

 tions in economic entomology, and has pub- 



lished a number of papers of value. En- 

 tirely through his influence the Crimea, a 

 most fertile country, in which great atten- 

 tion is devoted to fruit growing, was per- ' 

 haps the earliest locality in Europe in 

 which American ideas in economic ento- 

 mology were introduced. It was most in- 

 teresting to walk, as I did on several occa- 

 sions, through enormous orchards and see 

 everywhere American spraying machinery, 

 and see the crops in as good condition as 

 they could possibly be found in the most 

 up-to-date region in the United States. 



There are other similar stations sub- 

 sidized by the government in different 

 parts of Russia, and the problem of in- 

 jurious insects is handled with intelligence, 

 with a full knowledge of what has been 

 done in other countries, and with much 

 ingenuity. 



In addition thei-e is at St. Petersburg a 

 zoological laboratory and museum under 

 the Royal Institute of Poresti-y, of which 

 Professor M. Cholodkowsky, a man of high 

 ability, is director. He has two assistants 

 and handles all matters relating to forest 

 zoology. The assistants are Head Forester 

 A. Ssilantjew, and Head Forester P. 

 Spessiwzew. 



FINLAND 



This administrative province of Russia 

 had made an attempt at the time of the 

 writing of the last address to secure the 

 establishment of an entomological experi- 

 ment station. This attempt later proved 

 to be successful. For some years the 

 most advanced agricultural instruction has 

 been given at the University at Helsing- 

 fors, where economic entomology is repre- 

 sented by a special teacher who gives 

 regular courses of lectures, is at the head 

 of a special laboratory, is the government 

 entomologist, and as such is the head of 

 the entomological department of the agri- 

 cultural experiment station. This institu- 

 tion thus far has had only provisional 



