864 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVI. No. 677 



Students' fees, estimated 140,000 



State tax of 23/100 of a mill. . 215,000 

 Miscellaneous receipts from 

 University and Experiment 

 Station about 30,000 



Total per annum $663,000 



Total for the biennium $1,326,000 



Balances carried forward for expendi- 

 ture in 1907-8 35,000 



Total for biennium $2,697,000 



F. F. Wesbrook 

 UmvEESiTY OF Minnesota 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 



THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE ZIEGLEE POLAR 



EXPEDITION ' 



The scientific work of the Ziegler Polar 

 expedition to the Franz Josef Archipelago, 

 1903-5, commanded by Anthony Fiala, was 

 placed in charge of Mr. W. J. Peters, the rep- 

 resentative of the National Geographic So- 

 ciety and second in command of the expedi- 

 tion. Entering the employ of the Carnegie 

 Institution of Washington shortly after his 

 return, as commander of the Magnetic Survey 

 yacht Galilee, he was unable to attend person- 

 ally to the reduction and to the publication 

 of the results. The completion of the work 

 was therefore entrusted to Mr. John A. Flem- 

 ing, of the Department of Terrestrial Mag- 

 netism of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 

 ington, who has put it in its present form. 



The principal observations were upon the 

 earth's magnetism, with notes and sketches of 

 the aurora, meteorology, the tides and the 

 topography of the archipelago, supplemented 

 by astronomical observations for precise geo- 

 graphical positions. It is to be regretted that 

 the party was not prepared to attempt more 

 in the study of the geology and biology of the 

 region. Mr. Fiala notes in his introduction 



i"The Ziegler Polar Expedition, 1903-1905, 

 Anthony Eiala, Commander." Scientific results 

 obtained under the direction of William J. Peters, 

 representative of the National Geographic Society 

 in charge of scientific work. Edited by John A. 

 Fleming. Published under the auspices of the 

 National Geographic Society by the estate of 

 William Ziegler, Washington, D. C., 1907, 4to, 

 pp. viii -|- 630, with 43 inserts and 3 maps. 



to the volume that some interesting fossils 

 were seen, and numerous veins of coal discov- 

 ered, the latter find proving of practical as 

 well as of scientific interest. 



More than one half of the volume is devoted 

 to the results of the observations on terrestrial 

 mag-netism. A small magnetic observatory 

 was erected at Teplitz Bay, in which observa- 

 tions were made from September, 1903, to 

 July, 1904, very near the site of the magnetic 

 station of the Abruzzi expedition of 1900. 

 The observatoi-y was left standing, with the 

 probable expectation that it will be available 

 for future use. In view of the very extended 

 series of results obtained by this expedition, a 

 future series at the same point would hare a 

 greatly increased value. 



In the discussion of the declination results, 

 some interesting conclusions are drawn as to 

 the character of the daily movement of the 

 needle, during the several seasons of the year. 

 By dividing the entire time over which the 

 observations extend into periods of four weeks 

 each, and plotting the means of the hourly- 

 values, each value based on about 240 separate 

 readings, a series of graphs has been con- 

 structed, very clearly showing the change in 

 the amplitude of diurnal variation with the 

 time of the year, the times of principal maxi- 

 mum and minimum positions, the epochs of 

 mean declination, and the existence and form 

 of the secondary maximum and minimum. 

 In a further discussion the relation of the 

 mean yearly amplitude of the diurnal Taria- 

 tion to the magnetic latitude is again pointed 

 out, and the change in this relation with the 

 epoch in the sunspot cycle is shown. 



A large amount of meteorological informa- 

 tion was collected on the expedition, which 

 will prove useful in future discussions; its 

 full value, however, was unfortunately affected 

 by deficiencies in the instrumental outfit used. 

 Two very satisfactory series of tidal observa- 

 tions were made at points approximately 150 

 miles apart. These have been arranged and 

 discussed by Mr. L. P. Shidy, chief of the 

 Tidal Division of the United States Coast and 

 Geodetic Survey, who concludes that the tide 

 wave reaches the archipelago by the two chan- 

 nels on either side of Spitzbergen, the one 



