Januaby 14, 1910] 



SCIENCE 



73 



classes of spermatozoa are associated with 

 more profound differences in the sperm and 

 that it is these differences rather than the 

 difference in quantity alone that have a deter- 

 minative influence in sex determination. An 

 examination of almost 10,000 male and female 

 eggs of P. carycecaulis shov?s that the male 

 eggs occur about five times as often as the 

 female eggs. A study of the output of each 

 stem-mother shows that in some cases all of 

 her progeny are males, in other eases all 

 females, and in most cases both males and 

 females with a preponderance of males. The 

 results are obviously not connected with chance 

 combinations of chromosomes, but definite 

 " tendencies " exist in certain individuals that 

 follow one or the other alternative. These 

 tendencies might seem to be the result of 

 external factors, but nothing was discovered 

 in the history of the individuals that favors 

 such an interpretation; although the possi- 

 bility of such an effect must be granted. The 

 author's general conclusion is summed up in 

 the statement that the quantitative interpreta- 

 tion of sex-determination is only the first rude 

 approximation to a solution. The facts sug- 

 gest that the visible quantitative differences 

 are associated with more profound changes 

 and the facts described for the phylloxeran 

 egg give some indication of the nature of 

 those changes; for, the sex chromosomes seem 

 rather to follow sex than to be its sole cause. 

 " Factors of Form Regulation in Harenactis 

 attenuata. III., Regulation in Rings," by C. 

 M. Child. Under certain conditions short 

 cylindrical pieces from the body of the ac- 

 tinian, Harenactis attenuata form " rings " by 

 the union of oral and aboral ends. Such rings 

 may give rise to one or several more or less 

 radially symmetrical groups of tentacles in 

 the region of union. 



THE FIRST CRUISE OF THE "CARNEGIE" 

 AND HER EQUIPMENT'- 



The Carnegie, engaged in a magnetic sur- 

 vey of the oceans under the direction of the 



* Abstract of paper presented before the Philo- 

 sophical Society of Washington, November 20, 

 1909, by Dr. L. A. Bauer, of the Carnegie Institu- 

 tion of Washington. 



department of terrestrial magnetism of the 

 Carnegie Institution of Washington, entered 

 on her first cruise August 21 last. As may be 

 recalled, this is the first vessel in which the 

 attempt has been made to exclude practically 

 all materials affecting the compass needle. 

 Hence the magnetic data secured on her can 

 be made immediately available, it being now 

 unnecessary to await the determination of 

 troublesome and more or less uncertain devia- 

 tion corrections. 



The tests made at Gardiner's Bay, Long Is- 

 land, August 21 to September 2, and at Fal- 

 mouth, England, have demonstrated conclu- 

 sively that no correction of whatever kind need 

 be applied to the Carnegie results. The fol- 

 lowing table will show the close agreement in 

 the values of the three magnetic elements ob- 

 tained on the various headings during the 

 swings at Gardiner's Bay: 



Nothing could be more satisfactory than 

 this exhibit of the fulfillment of the require- 

 ments as to non-magnetic conditions at the 

 places where the instruments are mounted. 



The observations made on the trip from 

 ISTew London, Conn., to St. Johns, Newfound- 

 land, and from there to Falmouth, England, 

 during the severe October gales afforded ample 

 opportunity for trying out the observational 

 appliances, and these stood the tests put upon 

 them, during the exceptionally adverse condi- 

 tions, even beyond expectations. A large part 

 of the instrumental equipment was especially 

 designed and constructed in the workshop of 

 the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. 



In brief, it may be confidently asserted that 



