340 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXI. No. 7«2 



only service in the rank of professor was 

 counted toward an allowance. The other 

 change makes retirement after twenty-five 

 years of service possible only in the case of 

 disability unfitting the teacher for active ser- 

 vice. Except in the case of such disability, the 

 teacher can, under the rules as now framed, 

 claim a retiring allowance only upon attain- 

 ing the age of sixty-five. Formerly a professor 

 might retire after twenty-five years of service. 

 This change in the rules, does not, however, 

 deprive the widow of a teacher who has had 

 twenty-five years of service of her pension. 

 The action was taken in view of the fact that 

 many men were willing to retire from the po- 

 sition of teachers and go into business, or be- 

 cause they were tired of teaching, or for other 

 reasons entirely foreign to those for which the 

 rule was intended to provide. Only a small 

 minority of those retiring under 65 years of 

 age did so because of ill health. 



The third section of the report is devoted to 

 tax-supported institutions. It states in detail 

 the reasons which have governed the trustees 

 of the foundation in dealing with state insti- 

 tutions. Agricultural education and the agri- 

 cultural college are also treated at length. 

 The trustees make clear their intention to ask 

 of the institutions of every state whether the 

 university and the college of agriculture are 

 competing or cooperating parts of a state 

 system of education. The low standards and 

 general demoralization resulting from the 

 competition of these two types of tax-sup- 

 ported institutions in the various states are 

 definitely pointed out. 



The fourth section of the report is devoted 

 to educational administration, and deals with 

 such subjects as financial reports, college ad- 

 vertising, which has in many institutions de- 

 veloped to formidable proportions, the func- 

 tion of the college trustee and other adminis- 

 trative topics. The problems here taken up 

 are those of immediate practical significance 

 in the operation of colleges and universities. 

 The foundation announces that it will distrib- 

 ute within a short time a bulletin suggesting 

 a simple form of treasurer's report which it 

 hopes may obtain general use. It is note- 



worthy that only a small proportion of the 

 colleges and universities calling on the public 

 for support print a straightforward financial 

 statement showing what they do with the 

 money collected from the public. An analysis 

 is here given of the duties of the college trus- 

 tee and the importance of choosing men who 

 will perform these duties. 



The fifth section of the report is occupied 

 with more distinctly educational problems, 

 such as the articulation of high school and col- 

 lege, the weighting of college entrance require- 

 ments in favor of the classics, the relative 

 value of educational criticism and educational 

 construction. The whole effort in this part of 

 the report, as in former reports, is to urge 

 upon all the colleges in the country, whether 

 state controlled or privately endowed, the ne- 

 cessity of articulation with the state system 

 of education. In this section, also, the presi- 

 dent takes up the statement which has been 

 made in several quarters that the foundation 

 might become an arbitrary force in education, 

 and shows that the real power of the founda- 

 tion is dependent upon its fair discussion of 

 educational issues. The amount of money in 

 the hands of the foundation is insignificant 

 compared with the college endowments them- 

 selves, and the president insists that its most 

 substantial asset comes from a fair, impartial 

 and public handling of educational questions. 



Following the report of the president is the 

 report of the treasurer. In this matter the 

 foundation has followed the advice which it 

 gives to other institutions and prints a de- 

 tailed statement, showing not only the larger 

 items of expense, but even the individual sal- 

 aries which are paid. 



The report may be obtained by writing to 

 The Carnegie Foundation, 576 Fifth Avenue, 

 New York City. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS 

 Dr. J. D. Van dee Waals, professor of ex- 

 perimental physics in the University of Am- 

 sterdam, has been elected a foreign associate 

 of the Paris Academy of Sciences. 



