346 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXI. No. 792 



sey's Runs; Rhinichthys atronasus, Eamsey's 

 and Marsh Runs; Hyhopsis hentucTciensis, 

 Catostomus commersonnii, Ramsey's and 

 Cherry Runs; C. nigricans, Moxostoma aureo- 

 lum, Cherry Run; Ameiurns nehulosus, No- 

 turus flavus, Amhloplites rupestris, Ramsey's 

 Run; Eadropterus macrocephalus, Boleosoma 

 nigrum. Cherry and Marsh Runs; Etheostoma 

 flahellare. Marsh Run; Cotttis gracilis, Ram- 

 sey's Run. 



On July 23, 1899, I secured an example of 

 Leuciscus margarita in a tributary of the 

 Alleghany River near Cole Grove, McKean 

 County, the first I know of from that basin. 



On July 1,- 1907, Mr. T. D. Keim and my- 

 self took two examples of Notropis hoops 

 Gilbert from the Alleghany just above Fox- 

 burg, in Clarion County, also the first from 

 that river. 



I may note that Coccogenia Cockerell and 

 Callaway, Proc. Biol. Sac. Wash., XXII., 

 1909, p. 190, is an exact synonym of Coccotis 

 Jordan, Rep. Geol. Surv. Ohio, IV., 1882, p. 

 852, type Hypsilepis coccogenis Cope, mono- 

 typic. Henry W. Fowler 



Academy of Natueal Sciences, 

 Philadelphia 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 

 Die Geographische Verireitung der Schmet- 

 terlinge. Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher. Mit 

 zwei Karten. Svo, pp. ix -\- 451. Verlag 

 von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 1909. 

 Geheimrat Dr. Arnold Pagenstecher has 

 long been favorably known to students of 

 oriental lepidoptera as the author of a number 

 of faunal and monographic papers of the high- 

 est merit. His investigations, which have 

 chiefly related to the Malay Archipelago, in- 

 evitably led him to the consideration of ques- 

 tions of geographical distribution, and as the 

 result of comprehensive studies we have be- 

 fore us the present volume. 



The work divides itself into three sections. 

 The first section, occupying fifty-nine pages, 

 deals with the underlying causes of the geo- 

 graphical distribution of the lepidoptera. 

 Soil, temperature, humidity, air-currents and 

 vegetation are discussed with relation to the 



distribution of the forms of lepidopterous life. 

 The distribution of the lepidoptera at various 

 elevations above sea-level is considered. The 

 migrations of butterflies, the cosmopolitan 

 character of some species, seasonal dimor- 

 phism and local variation are touched upon. 

 Several pages are devoted to the considera- 

 tion of the influence of the glacial epoch and 

 the various mutations which the surface of 

 the earth has undergone in past geological 

 ages. The influence of parasitic life upon the 

 distribution of species concludes this portion 

 of the work. 



The second portion of the work, which oc- 

 cupies the body of the book, extending from 

 page 62 to page 401, is devoted to a statement 

 of the results which have thus far been reached 

 by students of the lepidoptera who have 

 written upon the faunae of the various con- 

 tinents and islands. The various published 

 lists of species are cited and briefly analyzed, 

 and there is thus supplied a very valuable 

 guide to the literature of the whole subject. 

 This portion of the work displays enormous 

 industry on the part of the author and a very 

 thorough familiarity with what has been 

 written. Dr. Pagenstecher recognizes eight 

 faunal regions, and the distribution which he 

 accepts may be given in tabular form as fol- 

 lows: 



I. NOETH-POLAB EeGION. 



(The entire cireumpolar northern arctic 

 territory.) 



II. PALfflAHCTIC (EuBOPEO-SiBEBIAN) ReGION. 



Subregions. 



1. European. 



2. Mediterranean. 



Including the Azores, Madeira, the 

 Canaries and Cape Verde Islands; 

 northern Africa, Asia Minor and 

 Syria, as well as all parts of 

 Europe bordering on the northern 

 shores of the Mediterranean. 



3. Siberian. 



4. Manchurian. 



Including Japan. 

 III. Indian Region. 



1. India to the Himalayan foot-hills. 



2. Ceylonese. 



Ceylon and the Maldives and Lacca- 

 dives. 



