Maech 4, 1910] 



SCIENCE 



347 



3. Indo-Chinese. 



Southeastern Asia, including Hainan, 

 Formosa and tlie Loochoo Islands. 



4. Malayan. 



Including Malacca and tlie islands 

 nortli and west of a line drawn 

 between Bali and Lombolc, nortli 

 and east between Borneo and the 

 Philippines on the west and Cel- 

 ebes on the east (Wallace's Line). 

 IV. Australian Region. 

 Subregions. 



1. Austromalayan. 



All the islands east and south of 

 Wallace's Line, including New 

 Guinea, except as hereinafter 

 mentioned. 



2. Australian. 



Australia and Tasmania. 



3. Polynesian. 



New Caledonia, the New Hebrides 

 and the various archipelagoes 

 northward and eastward as far 

 as the Sandwich Islands. 



4. 'New Zealand. 



New Zealand and the Norfolk, Lord 

 Howe, Auckland and Chatham 

 Islands. 



V. The Ethiopian Region. 



(Africa south of the Mediterranean states, 

 the Sudan, Madagascar and the nearer 

 islands. ) 

 Subregions. 



1. West African. 



Tropical West Africa, including St. 

 Helena, Ascension and islands 

 nearer the mainland. 



2. South African. 



(Temperate South Africa.) 



3. East AfricoM. 



Portuguese, German and British 

 East Africa, the Sudan, Somali- 

 land, Abyssinia, Aden and south- 

 ern Arabia. 



4. Malagassy. 



Including Madagascar and the sur- 

 rounding islands. 



VI. North Amebic an (Neaectic) Region. 



Including the entire continent north of 

 Mexico and south of the Arctic or 

 North Circumpolar Region. 

 VII. South American (Neotropical) Region. 

 Subregions. 



1. Chilean. 



Including Tierra del Fuego, Pata- 

 gonia, Argentina, Chile, the Falk- 

 land, Juan Fernandez and Easter 

 Islands. 



2. Brazilian. 



Covering all the continent north and 

 east of the Chilean subregion, and 

 including the Galapagos Islands 

 and Trinidad. 



3. The Central American and Meaoican. 



4. West Indian. 



The Greater and Lesser Antilles. 

 VIII. Antarctic Region. 

 Kerguelen Islands. 



A consideration of the foregoing arrange- 

 ment shows that in a general way it accords 

 with the known facts of distribution, but 

 nevertheless is open to some objection, more 

 particularly as it does not take account of the 

 fact that many of the regions mapped out are 

 invaded at various points by faunse which per- 

 sist at great elevations on the mountain-tops, 

 or by faunae extending through low-lying 

 semi-tropical areas into more temperate re- 

 gions. It is well known to students of the 

 geographical distribution of the lepidoptera 

 that the Sonoran fauna of the western por- 

 tions of North America extends far south into 

 the Central American subregion, and that 

 even the Canadian fauna is represented upon 

 the summits of the highest mountains not 

 only of Central America, but of South Amer- 

 ica. The Chilean subregion is closely related 

 in many respects to the North American 

 fauna, and we have reason to believe that the 

 genera which are found in the Argentine Re- 

 public and are also found in North America, 

 owe their distribution throughout the entire 

 length of the Cordilleran ranges and the 

 temperate regions of South America and 

 North America to a common center of orig- 

 inal distribution. The southern extremity of 

 Florida contains a lepidopterous fauna which 

 is strictly West Indian. Similar phenomena 

 present themselves to view in other parts of 

 the world. It is no doubt diificult to adopt 

 any general arrangement which will take ac- 

 count of these facts, and it may perhaps be 

 asking too much to insist that in a work. 



