404 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXI. No. 794 



TABLE IV 



Number and Distribution of Children 



Total Children 

 Number having child, 23 



Number having 1 child, 26 26 



Number having 2 children, 19 38 



Number having 3 children, 12 36 



Number having 4 children, 1 4 



Number having 6 children, 1 6 



Number having 7 children, 1 7 



83 117 



117/83^1.4 to the family of each married. 



The median salary is $1,800, 21.5 per cent, 

 receiving just this sum, 46 per cent, re- 

 ceiving less and 33.5 per cent. more. The 

 average salary for the entire 10.3 years of 

 teaching service is $1,325. (An interest- 

 ing check on this is the writer's average of 

 $1,328.15 for his first nine years of service, 

 reported in the Atlantic MontJily, May, 

 1905.) 



Now let us focus these facts into our 

 composite representative man. At the age 

 of 26 or 27, after seven years of collegiate 

 and graduate study, involving not only 

 considerable outlay but also the important 

 item of the foregoing of earning during 

 this period, he is the proud possessor of 

 his Ph.D. and is ready to enter his pro- 

 fession. The next five years he spends as 

 instructor. In his thirty-second year he 

 reaches an assistant professorship. He is 

 now in his thirty-seventh year, having been 

 an assistant professor for five years. His 

 average salary for the ten years has been 

 $1,325, which compares favorably with that 

 of the good mechanic, but scarcely with that 

 of men in those trained professions re- 

 quiring equally ai'duous and expensive 

 preparation. At thirty-seven he is mar- 

 ried, has one child, and a salary of $1,800. 

 These are men in twenty of the leading 

 universities, located for the greater part in 

 or near the larger cities ! 



An average salary of $1,325 for the 



years of a man's life between 27 and 37 is 

 scarcely one to favor a broadening contact 

 with life, the purchase of books, travel, as- 

 sociation with cultivated men outside of 

 academic ranks, etc. The most that can be 

 said is that it may suffice for an unmarried 

 man with no one dependent upon him. 

 But three fourths of these men are mar- 

 ried. Says one of these : ' ' Previous to mar- 

 riage my salary was sufficient to keep me 

 comfortably. Since marriage, in spite of 

 keeping boarders, I have fallen behind."^ 



It is therefore not at all astonishing to 

 find that 80 per cent, have supplemented 

 their salary with income from outside 

 sources. No complete average can be 

 struck, as the replies included such an- 

 swers as "to a considerable extent," etc. 

 The amount when stated (as it was in 75 

 cases) varied from a sum of $15 total to 

 an independent annual income of $10,000 

 and averaged 28.7 per cent, of the salary. 

 Omitting two exceptionally high cases, it 

 was about 25 per cent. 



The necessity to supplement the salarj^ 

 with outside income is evident from the 

 fact that eight men report themselves 

 running behind even on total income, 

 while practising strictest economy. Light 



' Compare President Eliot : " He should receive 

 [on appointment] as assistant professor a salary 

 which will enable him to support a wife and two 

 or three children comfortably, but without lux- 

 uries or costly pleasures. It is well to have the 

 appointment of assistant professor given for a 

 fixed term of years, as, for example, five. If, at 

 the end of his first term as assistant professor, 

 a second appointment with the same title be given, 

 a moderate advance of salary should accompany 

 the second appointment. By the time the end of 

 a second term as assistant professor is reached, 

 the candidate for further employment in the 

 university will be approaching forty years of age, 

 and is ready for a full professorship" ("Uni- 

 versity Administration," p. 13 ) . The age of ap- 

 pointment averages 31.25 years. Two five-year 

 terms bring him to 41.25. 



