SCIENCE 



Fbidat, April 15, 1910 



=7 



OONTE-NTS 

 Tlie Chemical Industries of America: Pbo- 

 FESSOE Chakles E. Munboe 561 



Scientific Notes and News 574 



University and Educational News 576 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Air Currents in Mountain Valleys: Fran- 

 gois E. Matthes. The Effect of Asphyxia 

 on the Pupil: De. John Auee. Free Public 

 Museums: De. A. R. Ceook. Facts vs. the 

 Advancement of Science: Benj. C. Geden- 

 BEEG. Why Pawlowf Peofe8SOE J. P. Ab- 

 bott. The Norwood " Meteorite " : Db. G. 

 F. LOUGHLIN 577 



Scientific Books: — 

 Friese's Die Bienen Afrikas: Peofessoe W. 

 M. Whef.t.eb. Clowes and Coleman's Quan- 

 titative Chemical Analysis: Peofessoe E. 

 Renouf. Godfrey's Elementary Chemistry: 

 J. L. G. Gaupp's Die Normalen Asym- 

 metrien des menschliehen Korpers: De. A. 

 Hedlicka 580 



Scientific Journals and Articles 583 



Botanical Notes: — 



Papers on Trees; Plant Breeding; General 

 Notes : Peofessoe Chaeles E. Bessey .... 584 



Special Articles: — 



Artificial Production of Multivoltine Races 



of Silkworms: Peofessoe J. F. Abbott ... 586 



The American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science: — 

 Section B— Physics: Peofessoe Alfred D. 

 Cole 588 



Section L — Education: Peofessoe C. R. 

 Majjn 591 



The Entomological Society of America: De. 



J. Chester Beadlet 597 



The Association of Official Seed Analysts: 



E. Beown 598 



Societies and Academies: — 



The Geological Society of Washington: 

 Edson S. Bastin. Section of Biology of 

 the New York Academy of Sciences: L. 

 Hussakof 598 



M3S. intended for publicatioD and books, etc., Intended for 

 review should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Hudson, N. T. 



THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA ' 

 The topic which you have done me the 

 honor to invite me to address you upon ap- 

 pears on first consideration quite specific, 

 but investigation shows that this is not 

 quite the case. Thus we find the popular 

 idea of a chemical industry to be one pro- 

 ducing acids, alkalies, salts, explosives, 

 fertilizers, dyestuflfs and extracts, pig- 

 ments, distillation products and elemen- 

 tary substances like bromine, phosphorus, 

 sodium and others, and the officials of the 

 U. S. Census Bureau in 1880, in fixing a 

 classification, styled in the various censuses 

 "chemical production" or "chemicals and 

 allied products," adopted this popular 

 view. 



In discussing this, I have said :^ 

 A reason for the variation in the industries 

 included at the different censuses is found in the 

 very general and indefinite title used, for in the 

 strictest technical sense every material thing is 

 a chemical, and accordingly every industry in 

 which the materials used undergo a chemical 

 change in the process of manufacture, as in the 

 smelting of iron from its ores or the production 

 of leather from a hide, may be considered as a 

 chemical industry. It is evident that if this view 

 of the significance of the title were taken, " Chem- 

 icals and Allied Products " would properly cover 

 every manufacture except those like furniture 

 making, machine construction, or textiles, in which 

 the material remains unchanged in composition 

 during the manufacture but is turned, or cast, or 

 woven into other shapes. The popular idea of the 

 term limits its application but admits as chemical 

 industries the manufacture of gunpowder, fertil- 

 izers and similar mixtures, whose ingredients 

 ^ Address delivered before the American Insti- 

 tute of Chemical Engineers at Philadelphia, De- 

 cember 9, 1909. 



2 Bull. 92, Census of 1905, p. 9, by Charles E. 

 Munroe. 



