638 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXI. No. 799 



The Cluirt Method in Taxonomy: Fkedebic E. 



Clements. 

 Evaporation in its Relation to the Prairie at Lake 



Okoboji, Iowa: B. Shimek. 

 A.tpine Plants and Evaporation: Chables H. 



Shaw. 



The following papers represent the contribution 

 of Section G to the joint session with the Amer- 

 ican Phytopathological Society: 



A Spinach Disease caused by Heterosporium 



variaMle: Howaed S. Reed. 



Early in 1909 a serious leaf spot was found on 

 spinach in the trucking region about Norfolk, Va. 

 Investigation showed that it was due to Hetero- 

 sporium variaiile. This fungus seemed to occur 

 only where other fungi had previously attacked 

 the leaves, and thus confirms views of previous 

 investigators concerning its weak parasitism. The 

 fungus hyphse when once within the cell spread 

 through the protoplasm in a remarkable manner. 

 The effect of the fungus on the anatomy of the 

 leaf and the process of spore formation have also 

 been studied. Inoculations with pure and mixed 

 cultures confirm previous statements of the para- 

 sitism of the fungus. 



A New Species of Endomyoes: Chables E. Lewis. 



The fungus which is described in this paper was 

 discovered while the writer was engaged in a 

 study of fungi associated with apple decay at the 

 Maine Experiment Station. According to its man- 

 ner of fruiting, this fiingus should be classified in 

 the genus Endomyoes but it does not agree in its 

 characters with any described species. 



This fungus grows readily and fruits abundantly 

 on a large number of culture media. The charac- 

 ters by which the fungus is classified have not 

 been changed by growing it on different culture 

 media. The spore sacs, or asci, each containing 

 four spores, have been found in all the cultures, 

 but some media have been found more favorable 

 for their development than others. 



The details of spore formation are difficult to 

 make out owing to the small size of the asci and 

 of the nuclei, but they have been studied to some 

 extent. 



Three Species of the Type of Mcidium cornutum 



Pers.: Feank D. Keen. 



The name ^Scidium cornutum has until recently 

 been made to include practically all of the cornute 

 Kcestelia. It is now known that in Europe two 

 species have been here confused while in this 

 country there have been three. The identity of 



these three species has now been worked out and 

 their biology and morphology are discussed in 

 this paper. The original Mddium cornutum 

 Pers. is found to occur only on species of Sorhus. 

 The species which has been confused with this in 

 both Europe and America occurs on species of 

 Aronia. The third species, which is known only 

 in America, grows on various species of Amelan- 

 chier. The knowledge of the life-histories of these 

 three species will now permit many references in 

 mycological literature to be straightened out. 



Present Status of the Cotton Anthracnose Investi- 

 gation at the South Carolina Experiment Sta- 

 tion: H. W. Baebb. 



This paper includes the different phases of in- 

 vestigation as follows: 



1. The vitality of the fungus under field condi- 

 tions as shown by cultures and by germinaition of 

 spores. 



2. The method of infection of the seedlings. 



3. The method of infection of the bolls as 

 shown by (a) inoculation from pure cultures by 

 puncture, (6) inoculation from pure cultures by 

 spraying with spores from pure cultures suspended 

 in sterile water (1) in bloom; (2) bolls in Tarious 

 stages of development. 



4. The occurrence of the fungus on the inside of 

 living seeds, (a) Method of entrance into the 

 seed. (6) location in same; (c) production of 

 spores beneath the seed coats; (d) development of 

 diseased seedlings from such seed. 



A Nectria Fruiting upon the Earth: J. B. 



Pollock. 



The life history of the Nectrias is of consid- 

 erable importance both from the point of view of 

 pure science and of plant pathology. The Nectria 

 in question was found developing on the surface 

 of earth in which pine seedlings had dropped off 

 with a fungus belonging to the form-genus Fur 

 sarium, presumably Fusarium Pini. It seems 

 probable that the Nectria is the so-called perfect 

 form of this species of Fusarium. However, this 

 has not yet been proved. 



Pine seeds were planted in pots and the soil 

 inoculated with soil from an infected seed bed. 

 Shortly after the seedlings came up they were 

 attacked by a Fusarium which agreed essentially 

 with Fusarium Pini. Some seedlings survived the 

 attack and the pots were allowed to stand over 

 more than two months in the greenhouse. At the 

 end of that period small and very inconspicuous 

 reddish bodies were observed scattered all over the 

 surface of the soil in the pots. These were peri- 



