810 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXI. No. 804 



form, of finding out how he can form 

 .those habits, and then standing by him 

 until the habits are formed and the new 

 life fairly on its way. It is not enough for 

 us that we shall be protected from the con- 

 tagion of smallpox, that we shall not be 

 inoculated with the plague, that we shall 

 not have our water supply contaminated 

 with the typhoid bacilhis. It is not 

 enough even that the tissues of our bodies 

 shall be highly resistant to various dis- 

 eases. There is the great positive con- 

 structive side which relates to life's habits 

 that needs attention, and without such at- 

 tention the individual is helpless in secur- 

 ing for himself that high degree of effi- 

 ciency which every skilled engineer 

 demands from a good piece of machinery. 

 This phase of medical practise is gradu- 

 ally coming to be recognized by the laity 

 and is. being met by the profession. It is 

 obvious that equipment for such practise 

 involves, as does every other medical 

 specialty, the classic studies of the regu- 

 lar medical curriculum. This specialty 

 also, like every other specialty, demands 

 its own kind of aptitude, as well as that 

 specialization in study and experience 

 which belongs to a specialty. It consists 

 essentially in bringing medical science to 

 bear upon the whole life of the patient, 

 so that it may be raised and kept on the 

 highest attainable level of efficiency and 

 wholesomeness. 



III. CONCLUSION 



This is not the place to discuss other 

 great problems that are incident to the 

 life of the city or to that of the individual. 

 I have tried merely to show that com- 

 munity life is of necessity increasing; 

 that the conditions that are deleterious to 

 health can be and are being met; that the 

 prospect is already clearly in view that 

 urban conditions will be more favorable 



to human life than rural conditions; that 

 the desire of our kind to live in close re- 

 lations can be gratified with a gain, in- 

 stead of a loss of human life and vitality. 



It is not enough that medical science 

 shall be increasingly successful in com- 

 bating and curing disease by means of 

 drugs, surgery, suggestion and hygienic 

 measures. It is not enough that the great 

 sources of disease shall be eliminated by 

 providing freedom from contagion and in- 

 fection through uncontaminated water, 

 pure food, fresh air. It is not enough that 

 by means of these or other measures we 

 shall be rendered immune to any or even 

 all diseases. It is not enough that we look 

 forward with firm confidence to the con- 

 trol of tuberculosis, and even pneumonia, 

 cancer and arteriosclerosis. 



The science of medicine needs and is 

 developing groups of specialists who are 

 raising the efficiency of individuals by 

 discovering the precise ways in which 

 those individuals, with their particular 

 constitutions, may best live in their par- 

 ticular environment. There are also de- 

 veloping other groups that are solving the 

 problems of how human kind shall live in 

 the new and glorious era that we are so 

 fast entering, the era of living together, 

 the era of the city. 



Luther Halset Gulick 



TBE RESEARCH LABORATORY OF PHT8- 

 IGAL CHEMISTRY OF THE MASSA- 

 CHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF 

 TECHNOLOGY 



During the past year thirteen men, includ- 

 ing four candidates for the Ph.D. degree, have 

 been working in this laboratory upon re- 

 searches in theoretical and physical chemistry. 



One of the main lines of work is the con- 

 tinuation of the research upon the properties 

 of salt solutions in relation to the Ionic 

 Theory, which, with the view of developing 

 that theory, has been carried on for a number 

 of years under the direction of Professor A. 



