236 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XIX. No. 475. 



These Hamilton recurrent zones rarely oc- 

 cupy over a couple of feet thickness. They 

 are more conspicuous in the eastern than in 

 the western parts of the quadrangle. In them 

 the Hamilton species are often quite abund- 

 ant, to the almost total exclusion of other 

 species. Some slabs were obtained from- ac- 

 tual outcrops on which nothing distinctively 

 Chemung was apparent. 



Near the top of the Chemung formation of 

 the quadrangle, in the townships of the south- 

 ern part of the Waverly quarter sheet are some 

 distinct conglomerates with a fauna diverse 

 from that of the Chemung which appears 

 above as well as below them stratigraphically. 

 The conglomerates are quite local, as shown 

 by their non-appearance at the same altitude 

 in some hills not far distant from those in 

 which they were seen. In several parts of the 

 quadrangle local limestone bands were seen, 

 reaching a thickness of over a foot in some 

 cases. 



On the geological map of the state pub- 

 lished by the State Geologist in 1894 a line 

 is drawn between Hamilton and Portage, 

 but as to which side of the Tully or Genesee 

 no indication is given, and in the legend the 

 Portage covers lower Chemung and Ithaca. 

 In the revision of that map published in 

 1901 the outcrop of the Genesee is indicated, 

 this is followed by the Portage in the western 

 part of this region and over the quadrangle 

 in part. In the eastern part the Ithaca rests 

 upon the Genesee, thus making the Portage 

 and Ithaca to occupy the same stratigraphic 

 interval. Further east, in Chenango County 

 and beyond, the lower half of this interval is 

 indicated as Ithaca, and the upper half as 

 Oneonta. 



The upper line is drawn in the 1894 map 

 between the Portage and Chemung; in the 

 1901 map between Portage and Chemung for 

 the western half of the Watkins Glen quad- 

 rangle, and for the eastern half between the 

 Ithaca and Chemung. 



The res alt of the summer's work clears up 

 both of these lines, showing the Ithaca to be 

 a member of the Portage formation, as was 

 first pointed out in Bulletin 3 of the U. S. 

 Geological Survey in 1884, where also it was 



then indicated that the Ithaca is not the lower 

 part of the Chemung (as was claimed by Hall 

 in 1843) but is separated from its base by an 

 upper part of the Portage, of several hundred, 

 now shown to be approximately 600, feet of 

 strata. 



H. S. W. 



CVBliENT NOTES ON METEOROLOGY. 



METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OP JAPAN. 



Numbers 5 to 8 of the Journal of the 

 Meteorological Society of Japan, recently re- 

 ceived, show encouraging signs of the con- 

 tinued activity of that scientific body. The 

 society was founded in 1882, and numbers now 

 more than 260 members. The language used 

 in the Journal (now in its twenty-second year) 

 has hitherto been exclusively Japanese, but in 

 the future it is intended to insert articles on 

 Japanese meteorology, as well as on other 

 scientific matters, in English, French and 

 German. The Journal is published by the 

 editorial committee of the society, with head- 

 quarters in the Central Meteorological Ob- 

 servatory in Tokio. The title pages of the 

 separate issues of the Journal are printed in 

 English, and the list of papers shows a con- 

 siderable range of interesting topics, e. g., 

 ' Cloud Cap on Mt. Fuji,' ' On the Stationary 

 Low Pressure Area in Formosa,' ' Storms in 

 the North Pacific Ocean in April, 1903,' etc. 



PROTECTION OF PEACH TREES FROM FROST. 



In Bulletin 80 of the Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station of the Agricultural College of 

 Colorado (1903) a description is given of the 

 new method of protecting peach trees from 

 frost by ' laying down.' This was first tried 

 in the fall of 1896, at Canon City, and has 

 proved very successful. Early in November 

 (at Canon City) the trees are put into winter 

 quarters. The earth is removed from a circle 

 about four feet in diameter around the tree, 

 and water is turned on. "When the ground is 

 saturated, the trees are worked back and forth, 

 and are finally pushed over, with compara- 

 tively little injury to the roots. Then the 

 limbs are brought together by a cord, and 

 burlap, covered with earth, is put over them. 

 In the spring, the covering is gradually 



