JFebkliakv 12, U)04.] 



SCIENCE. 



263 



It is quite noticeable that wherever Bithynia 

 appears the native forms appear to thin out 

 rapidly. 



The species is herbivorous, feeding on algse 

 and other plants. They are oviparous. The 

 female deposits her eggs on stones and aquatic 

 plants in a mass of gelatinous material which 

 is covered with a tough elastic membrane. 

 The eggs are laid in numbers varying from 

 15 to 25, in bands of two or three rows. 



The December meeting of the academy in 

 the high school building was addressed by Dr. 

 C. W. Hargitt, on the subject of recent activi- 

 ties of Mt. Vesuvius. It was illustrated by 

 photographs made during the last summer and 

 ten years ago. The speaker illustrated many 

 features such as the lava streams, the ash 

 cone, the crater, the partially excavated Pom- 

 peii, and many of the small volcanic cones 

 and associated phenomena in the vicinity of 

 Vesuviusi, T. 0. Hopkins, 



Corresponding Secretary. 



THE CLEMSON COLLEGE SCIENCE CLUB. 



The Clemson College Science Club held its 

 regular monthly meeting ISTovember 20, 1903. 

 The first on the program was Mr. B. H. Eawl 

 with a paper entitled ' Pasteurized Mill?.' 

 The speaker explained fully the objects de- 

 sired to be accomplished in the pasteurization 

 of milk. The differences between sterilization 

 and pasteurization were pointed out. The 

 speaker, while not minimizing the importance 

 of pasteurization, emphasized the necessity of 

 producing milk under sanitary conditions, 

 thus preventing the entrance of harmful bac- 

 teria into the milk. This was considered 

 more desirable than attempting to rid the milk 

 of bacteria after their entrance by such proc- 

 esses as pasteurization, etc. Apparatus for 

 pasteurizing in the home and on a commer- 

 cial scale was described. 



The next on the program was Dr. G. E. 

 Nesom, whose subject was ' The Relation of 

 Bovine Tuberculosis to Man.' This com- 

 munication consisted largely of a selection of 

 readings from a bulletin published by the 

 author and papers published by Drs. Eavenal 

 and Cary. The speaker referred to the dis- 

 tribution of tuberculous animals in the United 



States, the figures showing that Massachusetts 

 contained the highest percentage. The num- 

 ber of tuberculous animals in the south and 

 especially in South Carolina is relatively 

 small. The speaker brought out the fact that 

 there are no differences, morphological or 

 otherwise, in the bacteria of human and bo- 

 vine tuberculosis. The bacteria of bovine 

 tuberculosis, however, are believed to be more 

 virulent. Numerous experiments were cited 

 to show the ability of bovine tuberculosis 

 bacteria to cause the disease in man. The dis- 

 covery and uses of tuberculin were pointed 

 out. In view of the transmissibility of bo- 

 vine tuberculosis to man, the speaker urged 

 in conclusion the necessity of a thorough in- 

 spection of all animal products (meat and 

 milk). F. S. Shiver, 



Secretary. 



DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE. 



convocation week. 

 There are various objects that may be 

 achieved by a meeting of a body like the 

 American Association for the Advancement 

 of Science. 



1. It must give opportunities for making 

 the acquaintance of or renewing acquaintance 

 with men whom one likes to know. 



2. It must give opportunities for discussion 

 of scientific subjects with those competent to 

 discuss them. 



3. It must give opportunities for learning 

 of new discoveries and theories in the field of 

 science, from those who are competent to de- 

 scribe them. 



4. It may open the road to the publication 

 of papers submitted, in such a manner as to 

 command general public attention. 



5. It may concentrate the influence of men 

 of science, and give their views that power 

 with the general public that can only flow 

 from acknowledged authority. 



The three objects flrst named may be meas- 

 urably achieved at the meetings of every sci- 

 entific society of specialists. The two objects 

 last named can not be. They can be prose- 

 cuted only by a society for the promotion of all 

 science: hence they should be specially culti- 

 vated by the American Association for the 



