Febkuaky 26, 1904.] 



SCIENCE. 



335 



and Progress.' This is followed by the ad- 

 dress of David Starr Jordan, entitled ' Com- 

 rades in Zeal,' before the Sigma Xi Society. 

 Edward S. Holden discusses ' The Predecessors 

 of Copernicus,' giving much information 

 about the early astronomers, and J. Madison 

 Taylor considers ' The Conservation of Energy 

 in those of Advancing Tears.' Oliver C. 

 Earrington treats of ' The Geographical Dis- 

 tribution of Meteorites ' and Charles P. Pettus 

 describes the origin and progress of ' Wash- 

 ington University,' whose fine and harmonious 

 buildings will be a surprise to many. The 

 final article is by G. A. Miller, on ' What is 

 Group Theory ? ' 



Bird-Lore for January-February opens with 

 an illustrated article on ' The Black Tern at 

 Home,' by Ernest Thompson Seton and Erank 

 M. Chapman, and this is followed by ' Horned 

 Larks in Colorado Springs,' by E. E. Warren. 

 ' The Christmas Bird Census ' comprises rec- 

 ords by 78 observers scattered well over the 

 country. There is a second paper, with 

 colored plates, on ' The Migration of War- 

 blers,' by W. W. Cooke, and an interesting 

 prize essay in the department ' For Young Ob- 

 servers.' In the editorial section is a protest 

 against ' humanizing the birds,' and under 

 ' The Audubon Society ' there is much of in- 

 terest. 



The Mxiseums Journal of Great Britain for 

 January has an article by Benjamin Ives Gil- 

 man, ' On the Distinctive Purpose of Mu- 

 seums of Art,' in which the writer takes the 

 ground that there is a marked difference be- 

 tween museums of art and other museums. 

 The function of the art museum is not pri- 

 marily that of popular instruction, this being 

 of secondary importance to its esthetic in- 

 fluence. The notices of art forgeries con- 

 tained in the notes should put collectors of 

 paintings and bric-a-brac on their guard. 



Professor E. Keause and Dr. M. Mosse, of 

 Berlin, announce the foundation of a new 

 C eniralblatt f. normale und pathologische 

 Anatomie mit Einschluss der Mikrotechnik. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. SECTION OF 



ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY. 



The regular meeting of the section was 

 held on January 25 at the American Museum 

 of Natural History in conjunction with the 

 New York Branch of the American Psycho- 

 logical Association. Afternoon and evening 

 sessions were held, the members dining to- 

 gether between sessions. The program was as 

 follows : 



Primary and Secondary Presentations: Dr. 



Henry Rutgers Marshall. 



Dr. Marshall in his paper aimed to present 

 evidence that presentations are always new 

 presentations, and that, therefore, images can 

 not be properly said to be copies of impres- 

 sions, nor can what we call representations 

 be properly said to be duplications of any 

 presentations which have previously existed. 

 His paper was a summary of an article which 

 is presently to appear in Mind. 



The Generic Relation of Organic Sensation 

 and Simple Feeling: Professor Margaret E. 

 Washburn. 



The Universe's Place in Man: Dr. Francis 



Burke Brandt. 



The paper emphasized the necessity for a 

 fresh start in modern empirical investigation 

 through a critical restatement of the postu- 

 lates of experience. The starting point of 

 every empirical science, it was contended, is 

 individual conscious experience. The primary 

 datum of individual experience is a perceptive 

 and a conceptive consciousness combined or- 

 ganically in the unity of a personal life exist- 

 ent in a universe of persons. The material 

 universe thus primarily takes its place in man 

 rather than man his place in the material 

 universe, for scientific philosophy has demon- 

 strated beyond criticism, first, that the visible 

 universe always exists primarily in and for a 

 momentary perceptive consciousness limited in 

 space, and second, that the unseen universe is 

 always primarily a canceptive construction 

 whose validity is always verifiable within the 

 realm of momentary perceptive experience. 

 The material universe, whether conceived 



