Apkil 8, 1904.] 



SCIENCE. 



579 



led to the pueblo of La^na in the western 

 part of New Mexico, and from there to Acoma, 

 where the Fiesta de San Esteban was seen. 

 While in the pueblo of Isleta the Fiesta de 

 San Augustine took place. 



Visits to the pueblos of Jemez, Zia, Santa 

 Ana, Eanchitas de Santa Ana, Sandia, San 

 Felipe, Santo Domingo, Cochiti and Zuni 

 completed the season's work, which included 

 all of the twenty-six ' mother pueblos ' now 

 inhabited. 



The subject of primitive pottery-making as 

 represented in the various groups was care- 

 fully considered and the technique of each 

 culture was investigated. Samples of the ma- 

 terials used in the manufacture of pottery 

 were obtained, as well as representative forms 

 of finished vessels from each pottery-making 

 pueblo. Nearly one thousand negatives were 

 made to supplement the field notes, and to 

 enhance the value of the exhaustive card cata- 

 logue pertaining to southwestern ceramics, 

 which is now in the course of preparation. 



Archeological Survey of the Interior of the 



State of Washington, during the Summer 



of 1903: Mr. Harlan I. Smith. 



Archeological explorations of the Jesup 

 North Pacific Expedition were carried on in 

 1897 by Mr. Smith in the Thompson and 

 Eraser River valleys of Southern British Co- 

 lumbia, and in 1898-99 in the shell-heaps along 

 the coasts of British Columbia and Washing- 

 ton. In continuance of the general archeolog- 

 ical reconnoissance thus begun in the north- 

 west, the Columbia Valley was chosen as the 

 field for research during the field season of 

 190.3. 



It was thought that by working in the 

 Yakima Valley the boundary between the cul- 

 ture of The Dalles and that of the Thompson 

 Eiver region might be determined. The ma- 

 terial, however, discovered by the expedition 

 seems to prove that the Yakima Valley was 

 inhabited by people having a ciilture which 

 previously had been unknown to science. 



In the region were found numerous evi- 

 dences of the close communication of the 

 people of this culture with tribes of the 

 Thompson River region. Underground house 

 sites, tubular pipes, engraved detalium shells. 



a decoration consisting of a circle with a dot 

 in it, and rock-slide sepulchres, each of a par- 

 ticular kind, were found to be peculiar to 

 both regions. 



A considerable amount of material" of the 

 same art as that found in the Dalles region was 

 seen. It is clear that the people living in the 

 Yakima valley had extensive dealings with the 

 tribes both northward, as far as the Thompson 

 valley, and southward, as far as The Dalles 

 of the Columbia. In this connection it is 

 interesting to note that the present Indians 

 of the region travel even more extensively 

 than would be necessary to distribute their 

 artifacts this far. Much less evidence of 

 contact between the prehistoric people of the 

 coast of Washington and that of the Yakima 

 valley was discovered. A pipe, however, was 

 seen which is clearly of the art of the north- 

 west coast. It was found far up the Top- 

 penish River (one of the western tributaries 

 of the Yakima) . 



From the Yakima Valley the expedition was 

 transferred to the lower Cowlitz River for 

 work down that stream and along the Co- 

 lumbia from Portland to its mouth, partly to 

 determine whether or not a portion of the 

 evidences of coast culture which were found 

 in the Yakima valley had not come up the 

 Cowlitz and down the Toppenish River, since 

 the head waters of the Cowlitz and the Top- 

 penish are near each other. In this region 

 many specimens were secured. The main 

 work, however, was done in the Yakima valley, 

 where many photographs were taken, not only 

 of archeological sites, but also of the country 

 in general. Human remains, which are use- 

 ful in determining the type of these old 

 people, were also collected. 



The most remarkable specimen secured was 

 a piece of antler carved in human form. This 

 was very thin, and when found it was nearly 

 as soft as so much sawdust or moulder's sand 

 pressed together tightly. Proper treatment has 

 rendered the object quite hard and able to 

 bear handling. It was found under the verte- 

 brae of a child in a grave. The grave was of 

 peculiar interest because, contrary to usual 

 practice, the body had been enclosed in a rude 

 box made by placing about it thin slabs of 



