Apmi, 29, 1904.] 



SCIENCE. 



691 



haps the partially destroyed name on the 

 Juan de la Cosa map that commences with 

 the letter s. Continuing westward, Lepe 

 found the cross left by Pinzon, and enter- 

 ing the gulf of Maranhao, found the Indians 

 there to be cannibals (see the Cantino map), 

 perhaps through the loss of some compan- 

 ions, of whom one probably remained alive 

 amongst the savages. Afterwards, leaving 

 the coast so as no longer to be able to see 

 and name its details, he entered the mouth 

 of the Rio Para and of the Amazonas 

 pi'oper, and, coasting northward, met Pin- 

 zon in the gulf of Paria. Before the 9th 

 of November of 1500 Lepe had returned to 

 Spain, but, as it appears, the greater part 

 of his crew had returned some months be- 

 fore. Two of Lepe's companions, and per- 

 haps the whole expedition, were in Hespani- 

 ola in February or March of 1500, where 

 they met Juan de la Cosa, who was in the 

 expedition of Hojeda. 



Juan de la Cosa, being in Spain between 

 the months of June and October of 1500 

 in the interval of two voyages, organized 

 his celebrated map, or more probably con- 

 tributed the American part to a map al- 

 ready made (in another style and with 

 more elaborate ornamentation) by others, 

 in the parts relating to the other continents. 

 As Pinzon only arrived in Spain towards 

 the end of September, it is almost certain 

 that the section of the coast to the south 

 of the Orinoco was drawn from data fur- 

 nished by the companions of Lepe who had 

 arrived in June without their commander. 

 Thus, as has already been deduced above 

 from the internal evidence of the map it- 

 self, it is probable that this map represents 

 essentially the configuration and nomencla- 

 ture given by Lepe, and probably communi- 

 cated by one of his companions. In this 

 way is explained the absence in the map of 

 the names 'Santa Maria de la Consolacion, 

 Rostro Hermoso, Santa Maria de la Mar 

 Dulce, Rio Marina-tabalo and Cabo San 



Vicente,' which in the following year were 

 employed in the Capitulacion Real to desig- 

 nate the concession given to Pinzon, and 

 which, being undoubtedly fvirnished by him 

 as characteristic of his discovery, should 

 necessarily figure in any map directly in- 

 spired by him. It seems probable, how- 

 ever, that the two names of 'Santa Maria' 

 indicate a revision of the map by some com- 

 panion of Pinzon. In view of the abbre- 

 viated form of these two names and the 

 complete lack of the others, it is hardly 

 probable that their interpolation in the 

 map, already almost completed, was due to 

 Pinzon himself. 



In 1508 Pinzon, in company with Juan 

 de Solis, again ran over this same coast, or 

 at least a part of it, but in the contrary 

 direction. In the combined notes of the 

 two voyages furnished to Peter Martyr de 

 Anghiera and published by him in 1511 in 

 the first edition of his Decades, a few 

 Indian names appear, and amongst these, 

 in the section here studied, those of 'Pari- 

 cura'* and 'Camamoro' applied to the two 

 margins of the Amazonas. 



It is to be noted that Peter Martyr only 

 employed the name 'Maranon' in his writ- 

 ings of 1516 after it had been pronounced 

 by two of Lepe's companions in the Diego 

 Columbus suit of 1513. Owing to the in- 

 complete state of the Juan de la Cosa 

 map, which has a large rent in the place 

 where the gulf of Maranhao should appear, 

 it is impossible to say whether this name 

 originated with the expedition of Lepe, or 



* Caetano da Silva ( ' L'Oyapoe et I'Amazone,' 

 Vol. II., p. 381, in the Rio Branco edition) cites 

 Baena as authority for the existence of a tribe 

 of Indians with this name to the north of the 

 mouth of the Amazonas. Being published in 1511 

 and in a work that was doubtless eagerly con- 

 sulted by all cartographers, the name Paraoura 

 appeared at once in the maps and became char- 

 acteristic for the Amazonian region; it seems 

 strange that its companion Camamoro should not 

 have had the same good fortune. 



