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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XIX. No. 



suitable for the purpose when the time for 

 creating them shall come. 



The general plan was outlined in what is 

 known as the 'Perkins Bill,' which was 

 passed by the United States senate in the 

 * spring of 1903, but did not come to a vote 

 in the house. By its provisions the presi- 

 dent woidd have power to designate certain 

 tracts in the forest reserves where there 

 may be no hunting; which shall serve as 

 refuges and breeding grounds for wild ani- 

 mals. By this the extermination of the 

 larger mammals will be prevented, and at 

 the same time the hunting in the vicinity 

 of these refuges will be maintained by the 

 overflow of game, as is the ease in the 

 vicinity of the Yellowstone National Park. 

 This is a type, on a large scale, of what it 

 is desired to establish elsewhere. 



These reserves will be mainly for the 

 protection of deer which are to be found 

 widely distributed. It is the intention to 

 prevent the recurrence of that which hap- 

 pened in the case of the buffalo. Of the 

 millions which once ranged over the plains, 

 less than 1,000 now remain. It is hoped 

 that their number will be increased. There 

 remain two large herds of elk, one of about 

 16,000 in the Yellowstone Park, another of 

 probably 3,000 in the Olympic Mountains 

 in Washington; a band of 100 in Califor- 

 nia, besides which there are various small 

 bands in different states. The antelope are 

 nearly exterminated, as are the mountain 

 sheep, but all of these, as well as the Rocky 

 Mountain goat and various small animals 

 and birds, will be preserved in the refuges 

 when created. No fishing will be permitted 

 within these tracts, so that the trout may 

 breed unmolested. It is hoped that the 

 control of the refuges will be placed under 

 the Bureau of Forestry, with competent 

 rangers to patrol them. 



The paper read on this occasion set forth 

 the various reasons which justify and de- 



mand the creation of game refuges in all 

 parts of the country. 



The Use of the Relative Pronouns in Stand- 

 ard English Writers: Professor Water- 

 man T. Hewitt, Ithaca, N. Y. 

 The purpose of this paper is to present 

 briefly the historical development and use 

 of the relative pronouns in English since 

 the time of Wycliffe. Mention is made of 

 some of the best known English writers 

 whose style is colored by certain special 

 features in their use of subordinate sen- 

 tences introduced by the relative pronouns. 

 Then follows a discussion on the use of the 

 relatives that and which with examination 

 of their use in the Tyndale and King 

 James's version of the Bible. Also in the 

 Lord's Prayer as shown in translations 

 from 1130 A. D. to the present time. Lastly 

 the use of these pronouns in proverbs and 

 children's rhymes is considered. 



The Effect of the American Revolution 



Upon the English Colonial System: Mr. 



Sydney George Fisher, Philadelphia. 



It is commonly supposed that England 

 changed her methods of colonial govern- 

 ment immediately after our revolution and 

 learned to retain her colonies by the affec- 

 tionate method without military force or 

 coercion. This, however, is a great mis- 

 take. England became much more severe 

 in her methods of colonial control after our 

 revolution, and continued to carry out all 

 the principles and policies against which 

 we had rebelled. 



England, after our revolution, governed 

 Canada with the utmost severity, as Mr. 

 Bourinot has described in his excellent 

 books on Canadian history. Canada was 

 allowed no local government, no county or 

 township ofScers, and carefully prevented 

 from imitating the New England town 

 meetings, which were supposed by Eng- 

 land to have been an important cause of 



