144 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXII. No. 553. 



3. Many famous biologists have abandoned the 

 theories of the natural origin of life, for: 



A. Huxley was led reluctantly to give up his 



bioplastic theory. 



B. Sir William Thomson surrendered his 



speculation that life germs came to this 

 earth from some planet. 



C. Herbert Spencer abandoned his theory of 



the ' chemical origin of life.' 



D. Tyndall said : ' Proofs that spontaneous 



generation has occurred at any time in 

 the earth's history, are still wanting.' 



E. Virchow held that there was no evidence 



that the original germs arose by spon- 

 taneous generation. 

 11. There is no truth in the law of universal de- 

 velopment and improvement of animals, for: 



1. From the ' primordeal zone ' to the present, 



the multitude of species have shown no 

 improvement since their creation, for: 



A. The marine algse found to-day are no 



more perfect than those found in the dis- 

 tant Silurian period. 



B. Among trees, the oak, birch, hazel, Scotch 



fir, have shown no improvement in thou- 

 sands of years. 



C. The coral ' insects ' which built the first 



coral reefs in Florida, have shown no im- 

 provement in 300 centuries. 



D. The crustacean family, since its appear- 



ance at the close of the carboniferous 

 period, has not changed. 



E. The molluscs, fishes, reptiles, birds and 



mammals have never shown the least im- 

 provement or elaboration since their ap- 

 pearance. 



F. Mummies of cats, bulls, ibices, birds, dogs 



and crocodiles from the tombs of Egypt, 

 have shown no change in 5,000 years; are 

 identical with their living representatives 

 of to-day. 



G. The ' Cro-Magnon ' skull belonging to the 



earliest stone age, is not different from 

 the human skulls of to-day. 

 H. A scientist, having examined the statuettes 

 recently discovered in Crete, concludes 

 that the muscles and veins of the forearm 

 of man have not changed in 4,000 years. 



2. On the other hand, in scores of instances 



there is a pronounced deterioration of both 

 parts and functions, for: 

 A. One may observe cases of degeneration in: 

 a. The acidians. 

 6. Many parasitic species. 



c. The fishes (constant degeneration since 



the Devonian period). 



d. All the lower mammals. 



e. The whole human race. 



III. There is no such thing as transmutation of 

 species by natural processes, for: 



1. The proofs which evolutionists have brought 

 forward in favor of transmutation are in 

 reality, rheaningless, for: 



A. Geological records do not uphold the 



theory, for: 

 a. In such cases as the supposed phylogeny 

 of the horse, the resemblances between 

 the original four-toed animals and the 

 modern horse^ ' are no greater than 

 those between a cow and a crow^ or 

 between a man and a mouse; and this 

 is no evidence of transmutation.' 

 6. The so-called missing link, pithecan- 

 thropus erectus, is no evidence, for: 

 a'. At the meeting of famous zoologists at 

 Leyden, only seven out of twenty- four 

 agreed that the ' pithecanthropus ' 

 was a missing link. 

 6'. Professor D. C. Cunningham, of Dub- 

 lin, concluded that this lot of bones 

 was part baboon arid part human. 



B. Biological records do not uphold the theory 



of transmutation, for: 

 a. Manifestations of the principle of the 

 biogenetic law furnish no support for 

 the theory, for: 

 a'. This law but shows the ' prophetic ele- 

 ment in nature ' ; i. e., the creator is 

 a prophet and his method is to an- 

 ticipate by type, pattern or prophecy, 

 what may be expected in his subse- 

 quent creations. 

 &. The ease with which present-day scien- 

 tists can place in its proper class and 

 order any fossil or prehistoric animal, 

 is a sign that species have not changed. 



c. No one has ever been able to change the 



structureless germ of one plant or ani- 

 mal into the structureless germ of 

 another. 



d. Sterility of the offspring of crossed 



species bars the most available way for 

 the process of transmutation to act. 



IV. There is no emergence of man from the brute 

 condition, for: 



1. Geology, history, archeology, anatomy, philol- 

 ogy, ethics and religion demonstrate the 

 fact that the first beings on earth which 



