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SCIENCE. 



[N.S. Vol. XXII. No. 559. 



geologists, and the marginal stream chan- 

 nels and 'fossil waterfalls,' the details of 

 which have been developed and described 

 by Fairchild and others. Green Lake, or, 

 as it has been rechristened, Jamesville 

 Lake, is a pretty pond without surface 

 outlet lying in a gorge at the base of a 

 hundred-and-fifty-foot cliff over which in 

 glacial times there must have poured a 

 waterfall comparable in height and volume 

 to the present Horseshoe Fall at Niagara. 



Professor Hopkins then gave a paper on 

 the ' Stratigraphic and Economic Geology 

 of the Syracuse Region. ' The greater part 

 of the city is located on outcrops of Salina 

 (Silurian) shales. North of the city there 

 occur within a few miles outcrops of 

 the Niagara limestones and shales, the 

 Clinton limestones and shales and the 

 Medina sandstone. In going southward 

 from the city one traverses the upper divi- 

 sions of the Silurian and the Devonian. 

 In the near vicinity of Syracuse are the 

 type localities of several important groups. 

 The chief economic geologic products of the 

 vicinity of Syracuse are common salt, 

 gypsum and limestone. 



In the afternoon the combined parties 

 traversed the great glacial river channel 

 lying southwest of Jamesville and extend- 

 ing from Butternut Creek on the east to 

 the upper slopes of the valley of Onondaga 

 Creek on the west. The evening was de- 

 voted to a public illustrated lecture by 

 Professor Fairchild on ' Glaciation in North 

 America, with Particular Reference to the 

 Effects of the Ice Sheet in Central New 

 York.' The lecture was complimentary to 

 the citizens of Syracuse, and an audience 

 of about one hundred and fifty persons 

 greeted the speaker in Assembly Hall, Uni- 

 versity Block. After the lecture there was 

 an informal social meeting of the section 

 in the rooms of the University Club. 



On Friday the excursionists, under the 

 leadership of Professors Fairchild and 



Hopkins, visited the important gypsum 

 quarries and the great glacial stream chan- 

 nels and 'fossil waterfalls' southwest of 

 and near Fayetteville, about eight miles 

 east of Syracuse. The noon hour was 

 passed beside Blue Lake, at the base of a 

 cliff marking an ancient Horseshoe Fall, 

 and the time was improved by listening to 

 an address by Mr. Frank B. Taylor, of 

 Fort Wayne, Ind., on 'The Great Lakes in 

 Their Relation to Local Geology.' Mr. 

 Taylor showed by means of maps the ex- 

 tent of some of the great glacial lakes 

 affecting the region and gave some of the 

 results of recent studies by himself and 

 others in the vicinity of Lake Huron. 



Friday evening was utilized for a regu- 

 lar meeting of the section, in the rooms of 

 the University Club, for the reading of 

 papers. A list of the speakers with ab- 

 stracts of their papers follows: 



F. P. Gulliver on ' Sudbury Basin Shore- 

 lines. ' The author described the shore 

 lines of Reservoir No. 5, of the Metropol- 

 itan System of reservoirs for Greater Bos- 

 ton, situated in the Sudbury Basin and 

 largely in the towns of Marlboro and 

 Southboro, Mass. Use was made of these 

 shore lines for field work with the classes 

 of the author at St. Mark's School, South- 

 boro. The water in this reservoir has a 

 successive series of changes of level from 

 the high water of early spring to the low 

 water of fall, and, therefore, the shores, 

 which are largely composed of gravel, re- 

 cord the features of shore lines of elevation. 

 At points where the water remains at the 

 same level for the longest time the cliffs 

 and beaches and other shore-line features 

 are more strongly developed, and where the 

 water was at a given level for a very short 

 time the features are correspondingly faint. 

 Bay-bars are formed at some points, spits 

 at others, tomboles behind boulders, ripple 

 marks on the bottom, sorting of fine and 

 coarse material ; in fact, nearly all the fea- 



