September 15, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



335 



tures which are seen along most natural 

 shore lines are here well represented. The 

 paper was illustrated by means of photo- 

 graphs of various typical shore-line forms 

 which were taken by the boys in the au- 

 thor's classes. 



H. L. Fairchild on 'Some New Problems 

 in Glaciology. ' The author described by 

 the aid of a large scale map some high-level 

 glacial channels recently recognized by 

 him in the Split Rock region southwest of 

 Syracuse. These channels are at a greater 

 altitude than the large and well-marked 

 channels and waterfalls farther south which 

 were included in the field studies of the 

 meeting. The problem of the conditions 

 of their formation has not yet been solved. 



A. W. Grrabau on 'The Physical Char- 

 acter and History of Some New York For- 

 mations.' This address was prepared for 

 delivery in the field on Saturday, but it 

 was deemed best to hear it at the meeting 

 of Friday evening. The author briefly re- 

 viewed the New York series of sedimentary 

 rocks and its nomenclature and described 

 some of the difficulties in correlation which 

 have been brought to light by recent de- 

 tailed field studies. 



C. J. Sarle on 'The Burrow Origin of 

 Arthropkycus and Dcedalus (VexUlum).^ 

 The author's conclusions regarding the 

 problematic genera Arthrophycns Hall and 

 Dcedalus (Rouault) have been reached 

 through a study of Arthropkycus alleglian- 

 iensis (Harlan) and Dcedalus archimedes 

 (Ringueberg) as they occur in the Medina 

 formation. One form of D. archimedes 

 from the Medina is known as Spirophyton 

 archimedes Ringueberg. In Europe the 

 genus is known as Vexillum (Rouault). 

 The author holds that Dcedalus has always 

 been described in an inverted position, that 

 the ridges by which Arthrophycus is 

 known are only the bases of a fossil having 

 a compound structure very similar to that 

 of Dcedalus, and that both are the result 



of the repeated shiftings of burrows, prob- 

 ably of worms. The paper was illustrated 

 by means of diagrams and some remark- 

 ably fine specimens. 



David White on 'The Occurrence of 

 Glacial Epochs in Paleozoic Time.' In 

 this paper the author concisely stated the 

 evidences from plant life and other phe- 

 nomena in favor of the theory that there 

 was extensive glaciation in Carboniferous 

 time, particularly in portions of the south- 

 ern hemisphere. 



David White on 'The Age of the Wise 

 and Harlan Formations of Southwestern 

 Virginia.' The Wise and Harlan forma- 

 tions, 1,270 and 880 feet, respectively, in 

 thickness, embrace the youngest Paleozoic 

 (Coal Measures) rocks in the Estillville 

 and Bristol quadrangles of the Virginia- 

 Kentucky region. As originally proposed 

 by Campbell, the Wise, consisting of a 

 heterogeneous mass of sandstones and 

 shales with coals,- and the overlying Har- 

 lan, similarly constituted but somewhat 

 more arenaceous near its base, were tenta- 

 tively paralleled with the Monongahela and 

 Dunkard formations in western Pennsyl- 

 vania. Since then the basal portion of the 

 Wise has been referred by Stevenson, on 

 stratigraphic grounds, to the upper Potts- 

 ville, while the writer provisionally in- 

 cluded the whole of the Wise in the Potts- 

 ville. 



Fossil plants more recently gathered not 

 only confirm this reference of the entire 

 Wise, but show the lower portion of the 

 Harlan also to antedate the Allegheny of 

 the northern bituminous region. The 

 plants from the roof of the High (Big) 

 Splint coal near the top of Big Black 

 Mountain are Kanawha (Pottsville) in age, 

 as are also those from a horizon 150 feet 

 higher, in the Harlan. Additional fossil 

 material will be required before it will be 

 possible to conclude with certainty whether 

 the coals four to five hundred feet above the 



