September 22, 1905. J 



SCIENCE. 



379 



date what they may have meant by their varied 

 and diverse nomenclature and by other statements 

 concerning certain fishes. More than 150 forms 

 have been dealt with in that thorough-going style, 

 the quotations under each one often exceeding a 

 score in number. Artedi's ' Synonymia,' conse- 

 quently, bears Avitness in its author not only to 

 exceptional capacity for arduous toil and a deep 

 and wide reading, but also to a rare degree of 

 critical acumen and exactitude. For that reason 

 the work forms a practically indispensable key 

 to the earliest ichthyological literature (p. 40). 



C. E. Eastman. 



DECLARATION OF THE NATIONAL EDUCA- 

 TIONAL ASSOCIATION AT THE AS- 

 BVRY PARK MEETING. 



The jSTational Educational Association, now 

 holding its forty-fourth annual convention in 

 Asbury Park and Ocean Grove, and represent- 

 ing the teachers and friends of education 

 .throughout the country, makes the following 

 declaration of principles : 



1. The Bureau of Education continues to 

 render invaluable service to the nation. It 

 is the judgment of the association that the 

 powers of the bureau should be enlarged and 

 that liberal appropriations should be made to 

 it by Congress in order to enable it to widen 

 its usefulness. 



2. The National Educational Association 

 notes with approval that the qualifications de- 

 manded of teachers in the public schools, and 

 especially in city public schools, are increasing 

 annually, and particularly that in many local- 

 ities special preparation is demanded of teach- 

 ers. The idea that any one with a fair edu- 

 cation can teach school is gradually giving 

 way to the correct notion that teachers must 

 make special preparation for the vocation of 

 teaching. The higher standard demanded of 

 teachers must lead logically to higher salaries 

 for teachers, and constant efforts should be 

 made by all persons interested in education to 

 secure for teachers adequate compensation for 

 their work. 



3. The rapid establishment of township or 

 rural high schools is one of the most gratify- 

 ing evidences of the progress of education. We 

 believe that this movement should be encour- 

 aged until the children of rural communities 



enjoy the benefits of public education to an 

 extent approximating as nearly as practicable 

 the education furnished in urban communities. 



4. The association heartily approves of the 

 efforts now being made to determine the proper 

 place of industrial education in the public 

 schools. We believe that the time is rapidly 

 approaching when industrial education should 

 be introduced into all schools and should be 

 made to harmonize with the occupations of the 

 community. These courses when introduced 

 should include instruction in agricultural as 

 well as manual training, etc. Wherever the 

 conditions justify their establishment, schools 

 that show the application of the branches of 

 knowledge to practical life should be estab- 

 lished. 



5. The National Educational Association 

 strongly recommends the increasing utilization 

 of urban school buildings for free vacation 

 schools and for free evening schools and lec- 

 ture courses for adults, and for children who 

 have been obliged to leave the day schools pre- 

 maturely. 



6. It is the duty of the state to provide for 

 the education of every child within its bor- 

 ders and to see that all children obtain the 

 rudiments of an education. The constitutional 

 provision that all persons must contribute to 

 the support of the public schools logically car- 

 ries with it the implied provision that no per- 

 sons should be permitted to defeat the pur- 

 poses of the public school law by forcing their 

 children at an early age to become breadwin- 

 ners. 



7. The national government should provide 

 schools for the children of all persons living in 

 territory under the immediate control of the 

 government. The attention of Congress is spe- 

 cially directed to the need of adequate legisla- 

 tion to provide schools for the children of cit- 

 izens of the United States living on naval res- 

 ervations. 



8. The association regrets the revival in 

 some quarters of the idea that the common 

 school is a place for teaching nothing but 

 reading, spelling, writing and ciphering; and 

 takes this occasion to declare that the ultimate 

 object of popular education is to teach the chil- 

 dren how to live righteously, healthily, and 



