October 20, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



503 



hydration caves, because of the fact that, as 

 previously shown, the process of hydration 

 has been such an important factor in their 

 formation. Edward H. Kraus. 



minekalogical laboratory, 

 University of Michigan. 



a preliminary note on clover diseases in 

 tennessee. 



For a few yeai:s past there has been con- 

 siderable complaint among Tennessee farmers 

 of the failure of the red clover crop. A care- 

 ful investigation of the question was begun 

 by the botanical department of the Tennessee 

 Experiment Station early in the present sea- 

 son, and a short account of the present stage 

 of these investigations may be of some in- 

 terest. 



While the whole state has been more or less 

 explored with reference to diseases affecting 

 clover, the immediate region about Knoxville 

 has been more carefully studied, and may be 

 assumed as typical of the situation through- 

 out Tennessee, and perhaps adjoining states. 



The crop begins to die in the summer fol- 

 lowing late winter sowing. The trouble has 

 been popularly attributed to some supposed 

 condition of the soil, and so termed ' clover 

 sickness ' of the land. It was soon learned, 

 however, that the malady is independent of 

 soil conditions, and there was at the outset a 

 strong presumption in favor of some fungous 

 or bacterial disease. Our later investigations 

 have fully justified- this opinion. 



Early in the season a few leaves were found 

 to be attacked by the clover rust, Uromyces 

 trifolii (Hedw.) Lev. This disease occurs so 

 sparingly that it may be left out of consid- 

 eration. Careful search frequently reveals 

 the presence of Pseudopeziza trifolii (Bernh.) 

 Fuck. While this fungus caused considerable 

 damage in some instances, it may also be left 

 out of account. 



A rather destructive disease, apparently 

 caused by Macrosporium sarcinceforme Cav.,^ 

 is very frequent and widely disseminated. It 



^ Cited in Tubeuf and Smith, ' Diseases of 

 Plants,' 1896, p. 517; also Malkoff, Zeits. f. 

 PfJanzenkr., Bd. XII., pp. 28.3-285. 



often appears on stray alsike plants {Tri- 

 foliur)% hyhridum L.) associated with the red 

 clover, which is not true of any other para- 

 sites discussed in this paper. The Macro- 

 sporium disease appears capable of destroying 

 the clover plant unassisted by any other para- 

 site, though this statement is based only on 

 inspection in the field. 



The most destructive disease thus far found 

 is what appears to be an undescribed species 

 of C olletoirichum. In its general appearance 

 this disease very closely simulates the anthrac- 

 nose of clover (Stengelhrenner) , described by 

 Mehner" and Kirchner^ and by the latter at- 

 tributed to the attacks of Gloeosporium cauli- 

 vorum n. sp. 



The G olletotrichum species here referred to 

 causes considerable injury to young clover 

 plants in early summer, where it confines its 

 attacks to the petioles of the leaves. Its 

 greatest damage, however, is done to blooming 

 and fruiting plants, where it attacks the stems 

 most often just below the flower heads, but 

 frequently at other points, causing the sudden 

 blackening and death of a limited region, 

 eventually destroying the entire plant. 



A description and characterization of this 

 species will shortly appear, and further ex- 

 periments now under way will be described, 

 in a forthcoming bulletin of the Tennessee 

 Experiment Station. Samuel M. Bain, 

 Samuel IT. Essary. 



University of Tennessee, 

 Knoxville, Tenn. 



A NEW armored DINOSAUR FROM THE UPPER 

 cretaceous OF WYOMING. 



The writer has recently been fortunate in 

 the discovery, near Lander, Wyoming, of the 

 larger part of a skeleton of a remarkable 

 dinosaur, evidently new. The animal is 

 about half the size of Stegosaurus, to which 

 it is allied, but is peculiar in having a heavy 

 bony carapace, two inches or more in thick- 

 ness. This carapace is covered with, and for 

 the most part firmly united to, a mosaic of 

 pentagonal dermal bony plates, much like those 

 of Glypiodon. Each plate is about four inches 



- Zeiis. f. PfJanzenkr., Bd. XL, p. 193, 1901. 

 Uiid., Bd. XIL, p. 10. 



