Decemeee 15, 1905.] 



SCIENCE. 



779 



as possible. It is also true that separate 

 schools have been set up in many parts of 

 the country to train young men for the 

 technical and scientific professions; but in 

 time these schools are likely to be trans- 

 ferred to neighboring universities, or to 

 content themselves with training men for 

 the lower grades of these professions, the 

 universities all over the country being 

 sure to appropriate the training of young 

 men for the higher walks of the scien- 

 tific professions and of business. The 

 same forces which have carried the sepa- 

 rate law schools and medical schools into 

 the universities will carry the technical 

 schools in the same direction, unless indeed 

 these schools accept a lower function, like 

 the training of foremen, draughtsmen, sur- 

 veyors, assayers and the like. In respect 

 to this comprehensiveness the American 

 universities differ widely from the English 

 Oxford and Cambridge, in which training 

 for the professions has always had but a 

 small place, unless indeed such preparation 

 as these universities have long given for 

 admission to orders in the Anglican church 

 can by courtesy be called professional 

 training. It is obvious that the policy of 

 the American universities now under con- 

 sideration has had, and is going to have, a 

 strong effect to uplift the relatively new 

 professions, like those of engineering, ap- 

 plied chemistry, architecture, music, min- 

 ing, forestry, the public service, transporta- 

 tion and large scale manufacturing. These 

 are highly intellectual occupations not yet 

 universally recognized as on a level with 

 divinity, law and medicine. The Amer- 

 ican universities will, in a few generations, 

 put them all in their higher grades abso- 

 lutely on a level with the older callings. 

 VI. 

 The American colleges and universities 

 are alike again in their confident expecta- 

 tion of gratitude and support from their 

 graduates; and the American public cor- 



dially sympathizes in this expectation on 

 the part of the institutions and in the 

 grateful and affectionate feelings of the 

 graduates. For example, the public ex- 

 pects its own servants to exhibit a frank 

 affection for the places of their education, 

 and to show partiality for the graduates of 

 their own particular institutions. It rather 

 likes this partiality, as the natural result 

 of youthful friendship and association. 

 Every American institution of higher edu- 

 cation counts on services to be rendered to 

 it by its graduates, when they have come 

 to places of influence and power, and es- 

 teems the success of its graduates in after 

 life its own best asset, and its surest ground 

 for public confidence and support. The 

 endowed institutions rely on pecuniary 

 support from most of their graduates who 

 prosper in business or in the professions; 

 and this reliance seems to be sound, in pro- 

 portion to the age and merit of the respect- 

 ive institutions. The older they grow, and 

 the greater their success in teaching and in 

 scientific and literary production, the surer 

 is their reliance on the disposition of the 

 alumni to contribute substantially to the 

 enlargement and improvement of their re- 

 sources. This is one of the reasons that 

 the American colleges and universities are 

 so eager to train young men for the highest 

 efficiency in all the professions and other 

 intellectual occupations. Efficiency leads 

 to success in all walks of life ; and the suc- 

 cess of its graduates is sure to contribute 

 to the prestige and prosperity of any insti- 

 tution of the higher education, and to im- 

 prove its material resources. 



It is now time to consider briefly some of 

 the differences among the American col- 

 leges and universities. It is certain that 

 they have many strong and deep resem- 

 blances. What are their differences ; and 

 are they as well marked as the resem- 

 blances? The resemblances spring from a 



