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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXII. No. 572. 



departments of engineering, medicine, law, 

 pharmacy and dentistry this fee is $35 for 

 Michigan students and $45 for all others. 

 Fees are also required from all students 

 who pursue laboratory courses ; and in all 

 departments there is a fee of $10 for grad- 

 uation. The state universities which main- 

 tain summer sessions habitually charge a 

 tuition fee for that session. At the Uni- 

 versity of Michigan this fee is $15 in the 

 department of literature, science and arts. 

 In the University of Illinois fees analogous 

 to those of the University of Michigan are 

 charged ; and in addition there is a regular 

 tuition fee of $50 a year in the college of 

 law, and of $120 a year in the college of 

 medicine. The state of California has been 

 liberal to its university and to its schools, 

 and tuition in the colleges at Berkeley is 

 free to residents of the state ; but non-resi- 

 dents of California are charged a tuition 

 fee of $20 a year, and there is the usual 

 charge for laboratory supplies, this charge 

 amounting to from $5 to $30 a year. The 

 law school has a fee of $10 a year for inci- 

 dental expenses, and the medical depart- 

 ment has a tuition fee of $150 a year, beside 

 a matriculation fee, a graduation fee, and 

 large fees for dissecting material, the rental 

 of microscopes and laboratory breakage. 

 When we consider, further, that the tuition 

 fee, even where it is large, is seldom more 

 than one third of the total cost of remain- 

 ing one year in college, and that foregoing 

 the productive labor of the boy is the real 

 difficulty to be met by a poor family in 

 sending a boy to college, we shall perceive 

 that the varying amounts of the annual 

 fees charged for tuition do not present a 

 very serious difference among the American 

 institutions of the higher education. More- 

 over, the tendency in the state institutions 

 is to enlarge their annual fees under vari- 

 ous names ; and in the endowed institutions 

 the tendency is to provide more and more 

 scholarships and other aids for poor stu- 



dents, and to offer to competent undergrad- 

 uates who need to support themselves dur- 

 ing their college life better and better 

 opportunities for earning money. Such 

 opportunities are, of course, more easily 

 procured in colleges situated in or near 

 large cities. There they are so abundant 

 that hundreds of young men go through 

 these colleges chiefly on resources which 

 they themselves earn, and graduate without 

 having incurred debt. It is hard to do as 

 much in an institution situated in a village 

 or small town, even though no tuition fee 

 be demanded of the student. 



The American colleges and universities 

 differ among themselves considerably in re- 

 gard to admitting women to common resi- 

 dence and equal standing with men ; but 

 here again the differences are not as great 

 as they at first sight appear to be, and they 

 are diminishing. One may say, in a gen- 

 eral way, that the leading eastern institu- 

 tions are not coeducational, and that the 

 leading western institutions are coeduca- 

 tional ; but many of the eastern institutions, 

 even those considered most conservative, are 

 partially open to women, and others have 

 entered into more or less intimate associa- 

 tion with separate colleges for women 

 placed in the same town or city. Among 

 western endowed institutions there are sev- 

 eral that have ceased to be thoroughly co- 

 educational and have decided to segregate 

 the women apart from the men. Leland 

 Stanford Junior University, one of the 

 newest and now one of the richest of Amer- 

 ican universities, has given notice that it 

 will not, under any circumstances, admit 

 more than a specified number of women. 

 In the eastern part of the country the 

 wholly separate college for women thrives, 

 and gives evidence of present strength and 

 increasing vitality. The probability is 

 that, with the growth of educational re- 

 sources and the increasing heterogeneous- 

 ness of the population in the newer parts 



