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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXII. No. 573. 



donees of the steps and general course of 

 human progress, including prehistoric ves- 

 tiges, protohistoric relics and historical rec- 

 ords; and (5) a representation of actual 

 human development from savagery and 

 barbarism toward enlightenment as acceler- 

 ated by assoeiation and training. 

 . 1. The physical types first chosen for 

 representation were those least removed 

 from the subhuman or quadrumane form, 

 beginning with the pygmy aborigines of 

 Africa ; in stature and proportions, in color 

 and cranium, in form of face and function 

 of limb, the little people of the African 

 jungles are commonly considered to ap- 

 proach subhuman types more closely than 

 any other variety of the genus Homo. 

 Much like these are the negrito folk of 

 interior Mindanao and other districts, 

 brought to the fair for the Philippine ex- 

 position. The next physical type chosen 

 was the Ainu of Hokkaido (or Yezo), the 

 northern island of the Japanese Archi- 

 pelago. The aborigines of Japan, the 

 Ainu are of uncertain^ ethnic affinities 

 (though found to comprise two subtypes 

 divided on sex lines) ; while fairly devel- 

 oped in many respects, their small stature, 

 their centripetal (or body ward) move- 

 ments, their use of the feet as manual ad- 

 juncts, their elongated arms and incurved 

 hands, and their facility in climbing, ap- 

 proximate them to the quadrumanes and 

 betoken a tree-climbing ancestry. Another 

 type chosen early was the prognathous and 

 long-armed and hence strikingly ape-like 

 Australian Blackfellow; unhappily, one of 

 the failures in negotiation resulting from 

 the narrow monetary margin of the depart- 

 ment intervened, and the exposition lost 

 this most distinctive type of mankind not 

 represented on the grounds — though the 

 loss was mitigated in some measure by the 

 ample representation from the same quar- 

 ter of the globe in the Philippine exposi- 



tion. Partly as a contrasting physical 

 type, but chiefly to illustrate a variety of 

 the Amerind race reputed since the time 

 of Magellan to be gigantic and known as 

 the largest type of primitive man, a Pata- 

 gonian group (of the Tehuelche tribe) was 

 selected; their stature probably exceeds the 

 average of that of the most advanced 

 peoples, and their bodily proportions and 

 physical strength are almost equally heroic. 

 Negotiations were completed also for ex- 

 hibiting another native American group 

 (the Seri Indians of Tiburon Island, Mex- 

 ico), of nearly equal stature and superior 

 strength and swiftness, though of less 

 weighty frame, the supposed type of 

 Swift's Brobdignagians, and the most sav- 

 age tribe of North America ; unfortunately, 

 the difficulties and dangers of the expedi- 

 tion prevented the carrying out of the 

 contract. Another Amerind group was 

 selected chiefly to illustrate the consistent 

 maintenance of two physical types in a 

 single primitive folk — the Cocopa Indians, 

 inhabiting the country about the mouth of 

 the Rio .Colorado in Mexico ; in this tribe the 

 men rank among the tallest and the women 

 among the shortest of the North American 

 natives. Other illustrations of the varying 

 physical types among North American 

 natives were exhibited in the Pawnee group 

 (including Roaming Chief, probably the 

 largest man on the grounds) ; the Dakota, 

 or Sioux, group, representing the powerful 

 and agile type of the northern plains; 

 Pueblo folk, among the smallest of North 

 American natives; dark-colored desert 

 peoples (Pima and Maricopa), notable for. 

 agility and endurance, allied to the con- 

 quering Nahuatlan— or Aztec— tribe of 

 Mexico ; the short-hand and squat and 

 flat-face natives of California (Pomo) ; 

 and the singularly light-colored fisherfolk 

 (Kwakiutl and Klaokwaht tribes) of humid 

 Vancouver Island. None of the short and 



