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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXII. No. 573. 



known primitive devices (the bolas) as 

 well as the maternal or clan organization, 

 and. also to reveal their own religious feel- 

 ing and philosophy. The Cocopa Indians 

 were selected to represent on the grounds 

 a native American agriculture pursued 

 unbrokenly since pre-Columbian times and 

 still producing corn and other crops native 

 to the western hemisphere, thereby illus- 

 trating such native lore and legend as those 

 embalmed in Hiawatha ; they also represent 

 one of the most extravagant known mor- 

 tuary customs, in which the goods of the 

 decedent are distributed to non-relatives, 

 while his house and his body are burned 

 together, so that the people are perpetually 

 impoverished and prevented from gather- 

 ing in communities; and their marriage 

 and puberty rites are elaborate, while the 

 tribal law is in a state of transition from 

 that of the maternal family to that of 

 the paternal family. The Klaokwaht and 

 Kwakiutl Indians were selected not merely 

 as physical types but to illustrate a native 

 type of house designed to fix the social or- 

 ganization and facilitate the maintenance 

 of law, partly by virtue of elaborate totems 

 (or animal tutelaries) ; this representation 

 of northern Pacific coast culture-types be- 

 ing supplemented through cooperation with 

 the Alaskan Commission. Several Amerind 

 groups were selected partly to exhibit the 

 leading . native arts and crafts (such as 

 pottery-making, basket-working, blanket- 

 weaving and skin-dressing), partly to il- 

 lustrate the organization of the paternal 

 family (or gens) ; the Pawnee, Wichita, 

 Navaho, Pima and Kickapoo groups con- 

 structed and occupied houses, each of a 

 distinctive tribal type; while the Sioux 

 tipis and other structures and fabrics ex- 

 hibited sacred insignia betokening barbaric 

 philosophies, of which some were displayed 

 also in musical or dramatic terpsichorean 

 ceremonies. The culture types at the fair, 



like the physical types, were greatly ex- 

 tended by the Philippine exposition, itself 

 one of the most impressive exhibits of alien 

 life and customs evet assembled; also in 

 various state and national exhibits (among 

 which the East India Pavilion and the 

 Ceylon Tea House deserve note), and by 

 several Pike concessions; while there were 

 numerous collections of alien culture prod- 

 ucts, such as the Fred Harvey and Benham 

 exhibits in the anthropology building, much 

 of the collection forming the Queen's Ju- 

 bilee Tributes, special exhibits in the Jap- 

 anese, Chinese, Siamese, Belgian, Argen- 

 tine and other pavilions, the Benguiat 

 Museum, et al. Finally, the typical prod- 

 ucts of the most advanced art and industry 

 filled the exhibit palaces with a richer and 

 more cosmopolitan illustration of man's 

 creative activity than the world ever saw 

 before, while the attendant laws and lan- 

 guages and philosophies were set forth in 

 other departments (especially education 

 and social economy) and with unprece- 

 dented fullness in that series of legal 

 and educational and scientific congresses 

 through which the Universal Exposition 

 of 1904 made its most impressive display 

 of the power of man and the force of mind. 

 3. The methods and appliances used in 

 anthropometry and psychometry {i. e., in 

 measuring the physical and mental char- 

 acters of men) were selected with the pur- 

 pose of utilizing the opportunities pre- 

 sented by the fair for observing and com- 

 paring the human types assembled on the 

 grounds; while most of the apparatus and 

 materials were obtained, and the installa- 

 tion and operation of the laboratories were 

 made feasible, through the cooperation 

 of educational institutions and manufac- 

 turers. It was in this branch of the depart- 

 ment that the original or investigative work 

 of the exposition culminated, and the con- 

 duct of the work was a constant source of 



