826 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXII. No. 573. 



citizensliip. The means and the ends of 

 purposive acculturation as applied to the 

 American aborigines, and the actual proc- 

 esses illustrated by living examples, were 

 exhibited in the typical Indian school 

 forming the most conspicuous feature of 

 the department. Here parents still cling- 

 ing to native cu.stoms and costumes de- 

 lighted in the progress and achievements 

 of their children in the arts and industries 

 and even - in the language and letters re- 

 quired by modern life ; here the aboriginal 

 maker of moccasins showed (and saw) the 

 contrast between his craft and modern shoe- 

 making; here the actual transformation 

 from comfortless camp life into comfort- 

 able householdry was illustrated not only 

 by every intermediate step, but by the ac- 

 tual passages of individuals and families 

 from the one stage to the other during the 

 exposition period; here the once bloody 

 warrior Geronimo completed his own men- 

 tal transformation from savage to citizen 

 and for the first time sought to assume both 

 the rights and responsibilities of the higher 

 stage— here, indeed, was illustrated in 

 epitome, and also in the actual progress 

 accelerated by purposive cooperation, a 

 considerable part of that course of intel- 

 lectual development which raised man from 

 dull-minded and self-centered tribal exist- 

 ence into the active and constructive and 

 broad-minded life of modern humanity. 



VI. 



In a word, the motive and scope of the 

 department of anthropology were to show 

 our half of the world how the other half 

 lives ; yet not so much to gratify the un- 

 trained curiosity which leads even the child 

 to look with wonder on the alien as to 

 satisfy the intelligent observer ' that there 

 is a course of progress running from lower 

 to higher humanity, and that all the phys- 



ical and cultural types of man mark stages 

 in that course. 



That the chief aim was gained may not 

 now be claimed; though it can not be 

 doubted that the assemblage of the world's 

 peoples at the Universal Exposition of 1904 

 gave renewed and fuller meaning to the 

 opinion of Pope that — 



The proper study of mankind is man. 



The unbroken tally of visitors to the room 

 containing the Victorian Jubilee Tributes 

 exceeded a million, and the partial tallies 

 in the anthropology building gave a tale 

 approaching a million and a half; the esti- 

 mated number of visitors to the Indian 

 school building was above three millions, 

 and it seems certain that over four million 

 persons made more or less careful inspec- 

 tion of the alien camps and groups; while 

 the current press items and weightier ar- 

 ticles inspired by the anthropology exhibits 

 are conservatively counted as forming at 

 least a quarter and perhaps a third of all 

 of the spontaneous publications pertaining 

 to the fair. The full tale of attendance 

 (total admissions, 19,694,855, not includ- 

 ing Sundays; paid admissions, 12,804,616) 

 comprised visitors from nearly every state 

 and some foreign countries who came for 

 the special purpose of seeing the African 

 pygmies, the Ainu, the Filipinos, the Pata- 

 gonians, or the assemblage of North Amer- 

 ican tribes ; and a feature of the depart- 

 ment was a formal 'field school of anthro- 

 pology,' successfully conducted under the 

 auspices of the University of Chicago, 

 which may be considered the first definite 

 step in cooperation for educational pur- 

 poses between the permanent university 

 and the temporary exposition. So the as- 

 semblage of human types was not only a 

 source of attraction, but served serious 

 ends. 



W J McGee. 

 St. Louis Public Museum. 



