February 23, 190G.] 



SCIENCE. 



301 



and freedomists, pantheists and atheists, 

 scholastics and empiricists at the same 

 time, and that to affirm the one exclusively 

 is to expel a minority of faculties of the 

 infinitely complex thing we call soul, and 

 that one who truly knows himself can be 

 any one of these only by a working ma- 

 jority of his powers? Accepting our cue 

 from Aristotle, who called metaphysics 

 those studies that come chronologically or 

 developmentally after physics, and apply- 

 ing them also to all logic and epistemology, 

 should we not recognize that the present 

 glowing twilight of psychology is that of 

 the dawn and not of the evening ; that ulti- 

 mates are chiefly for senescence and should 

 be only prelusive for youth; that they bet- 

 ter befit old than new sciences ; and realize 

 that if psychology is ever to become the 

 queen of humanistic studies she must avoid 

 all surds and extravasations and deal ef- 

 fectively with the great problems of human 

 life, health, reproduction, disease and vital 

 experience, and find the center of her field 

 where psychic life is most intense, and thus, 

 widening her boundaries from physiological 

 psychology to biological philosophy, strive 

 to become what, as we have just heard in 

 the able address of his son, Emerson, for 

 whom this admirable building was named, 

 thought it should be, viz., a true natural 

 history of the soul. Some of us deprecate 

 this identification or organic unity of specu- 

 lative philosophy with scientific psychol- 

 ogy, and hope that, despite their proximity, 

 neither will interfere with the purity of 

 the other, and that progress may be made 

 in evicting the many metaphysical, logical 

 and epistemological and other utterly in- 

 soluble, though fascinating, questions from 

 the domain of scientific psychology. 



G. Stanley Hall. 

 Clark University. 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. 

 Organography of Plants, especially of the 

 Archegoniatae and Spermophyta. By Dr. 



K. GoEBEL, Professor in the University of 

 Munich. Authorized English translation by 

 Isaac Bayley Balfour, M.A., M.D., F.E.S., 

 King's Botanist in Scotland, Professor of 

 Botany in the University and Regius Keep- 

 er of the Royal Botanic Garden of Edin- 

 burgh. Part II., Special Organography, 

 with 417 wood cuts. Oxford, the Clarendon 

 Press. 1905. Pp. xxiv + 707. Large 8vo. 

 It is five years since the English edition of 

 Part I. appeared. That volume was devoted 

 to ' General Organography,' including the gen- 

 eral difFerentiation of the plant-body, relation- 

 ships of symmetry, differences in the forma- 

 tion of organs at different developmental 

 stages, juvenile forms, malformations and 

 their significance in organography, and the 

 influence of correlation and external forma- 

 tive stimuli upon the configuration of plants. 

 It has proved its value by its wide use in ad- 

 vanced botanical teaching in this country and 

 England. Part II. has now appeared as a 

 bulky volume and, although the German edi- 

 tion from which this was translated was com- 

 pleted in 1901, the preface informs us that 

 ' Professor Goebel has read all the proof-sheets, 

 and has modified the text in several places, 

 and added additional notes.' The volume is 

 thus brought down to the present, and conse- 

 quently is the most recent work on plant mor- 

 phology, as it is the most important. The 

 subject is taken up systematically, about one 

 hundred and fifty pages being given to the 

 liverworts and mosses, fifty pages to the 

 gametophyte of the Pteridophyta, and over 

 four hundred to the sporophyte of the Pterido- 

 phyta and Spermophyta. It is under the lat- 

 ter that we find the fullest discussion of the 

 morphology of the higher plants, the matter 

 being treated under such topics as — the organs 

 of vegetation, including root and shoot (leaf, 

 branching of the shoot, division of labor, the 

 shoot in the service of reproduction), and the 

 organs of propagation, including the sporo- 

 gonium of Pteridophyta apospory, and the 

 sporangium of Spermophyta. 



It is interesting to note here the greatly 

 broadened use of terms, which an older mor- 

 phology concerned itself with narrowing. 

 What would the botanists of the last genera- 



