556 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXIII. No. 5S8. 



the British Admiralty. The new pamphlet 

 contains charts which show the variations, the 

 position and the intensity of the anti-cyclonic 

 areas, and their relation to the doldrums, the 

 distribution of gales, fog, etc. Gales reach 

 the South Atlantic by crossing the southern 

 pai't of South America, or by rounding Cape 

 Horn to the eastward. Fogs are rarely found 

 north of the thirtieth parallel, except near the 

 land on either side of the ocean, but it is 

 increasingly frequent in higher latitudes. — 

 Nature, January 11, 1906. 



METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES IN SOUTH AMERICA. 



The latest information regarding meteor- 

 ology in South America may be found in the 

 Monthly Weather Review for September, 1905. 

 Previous accounts of the South American 

 meteorological services are those of A. Law- 

 rence Rotch, ' The Meteorological Services of 

 South America,' American Meteorological 

 Journal, XL, 1894^95, 187-191, 201-211; and 

 E. DeC. Ward, 'Meteorology in South Am- 

 erica,' Science, N. S., V., 1897, 523-525. 



PROTECTING CRANBERRIES FROM FROST. 



A CRANBERRY grower at Cameron, Wis. 

 (Mr. A. C. Bennett), protects his cranberries 

 against frost in the following way. The 

 marsh is surrounded by banks twenty-five to 

 thirty-five feet high, with sloping sides. The 

 principal reservoir is northwest of the planta- 

 tion, and a trout stream is diverted around 

 and outside of the marsh, forming a succes- 

 sion of reservoirs entirely surrounding the 

 latter, from five to thirty rods wide. As the 

 cold air descends from the high surrounding 

 banks it must cross these reservoirs of water 

 and pass over the dams before it can reach the 

 vines. — Mo. Wea. Rev., Oct., 1905. 



NOTES. 



Prompted ' by what has been urged against 

 it by English physicists and others,' and ' by 

 the inconclusive nature of the supposed re- 

 sults obtained by those who approve of it,' 

 J. R. Sutton, of Kimberley, South Africa, 

 has devoted some time to the black bulb 

 thermometer in vacuo. His results have been 

 published in Trans. So. Afr. Philos. Soc, 

 XVI., Part 2, Oct., 1905. 



The typhoon of June 30 and July 1, 1905, 

 is discussed in the Bulletin of the Philippine 

 Weather Bureau for July, lately received. 

 Curves showing the barometer readings at 

 Aparri and at Santo Domingo (the lattep a 

 barograph curve) are given. Students of 

 tropical cyclones will find the frequent discus- 

 sions of individual typhoons which are pub- 

 lished in these Bulletins of great interest. 



Another account of a tropical cyclone is a 

 very much belated one of the West Indian 

 hurricane of August 11, 1903, by Maxwell 

 Hall, in the Monthly Weather Review for 

 September, 1906. Several sets of barometer 

 readings during the passage are given. 



The rapid progress which is being made in 

 the exploration of the free air is evidenced 

 by the fact that the British WeeMy Weather 

 Report for January 6 contains, for the first 

 time, observations made during kite ascents 

 during the first week in January. 



R. DeC. Ward. 



FREDERICK C. PAULMIER. 

 Frederick C. Paulmier, Ph.D., zoologist to 

 the New York State Museum, died in New ' 

 York, March 4, in the thirty-third year of 

 his age. Dr. Paulmier was a graduate of 

 Princeton University of the class of 1894 and 

 received the degree of M.S. in 1896. He held 

 a university scholarship in zoology at Co- 

 lumbia in 1896-97, was appointed to a fellow- 

 ship in 1898-99, was assistant in zoology in 

 1899-1900 and received the degree of doctor of 

 philosophy in 1900. In the same year he 

 became assistant in zoology at the New York 

 State Museum at Albany, and in 1904 was 

 appointed to the position that he held at the 

 time of his death. During his connection 

 with the museum he published a number of 

 systematic zoological jjapers including cata- 

 logues of the reptiles and batrachians of the 

 state (in conjunction with E. C. Eckel), of 

 the higher Crustacea of the region of New 

 York City, and of the squirrels and other 

 rodents of the Adirondacks (now in press). 

 He also published papers on the crab fisheries 

 of Long Island and on the life-history of the 

 edible crab. His most considerable contribu- 



