588 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXIII. No. 589. 



of structural, tectonic and physiographic fea- 

 tures. 



The party left New York on May 20, and 

 made its first stop in the vicinity of Eondout 

 and Kingston. Here, in the exposures laid 

 bare in the quarries of the Vlightberg Hill, 

 on the North Hill, and along the railroad 

 tracks toward Whiteport, Binnewater and 

 Eosendale, excellent exposures were found of 

 the Ordovicic (Hudson Eiver group), uncon- 

 formably overlain by the Siluric, including 

 the Schawangunk conglomerate, Binnewater 

 sandstone, Eosendale cement, Cobleskill lime- 

 stone, Eondout waterlime and Manlius lime- 

 stone. These are in turn conformably over- 

 lain by the lower and middle Devonic, namely, 

 the Coeymans limestone. New Scotland shale, 

 Becraft limestone. Port Ewen limestone, Oris- 

 kany sandstone and limestone, Esopus grit and 

 the Onondaga limestone. The Siluro-Devonic 

 contact between the Manlius and Coeymans 

 is so sharp and distinct that a member of the 

 party secured a hand specimen Siluric at one 

 end, Devonic at the other and the dividing 

 line clearly marked in the middle. A careful 

 study was also made of the structural features 

 of this region, including the overthrust fault 

 and repeated formations of the Vlightberg 

 and North Hill described in the Eeport of the 

 New York State Paleontologist for 1902.' 



The next stop was made at Hudson, whence 

 visits were made to the Hudson Eiver shales 

 at Mount Merino and to the various for- 

 mations exposed at Becraft Mountain. At 

 Becraft Mountain upon the upturned and 

 eroded Hudson shales is deposited the Manlius 

 limestone and this is followed directly and 

 conformably by the Coeymans, New Scotland, 

 Becraft, Port Ewen, Oriskany, Esopus, Scho- 

 harie and Onondaga. Each of these forma- 

 tions was studied in considerable detail and 

 characteristic fossils were collected. Atten- 

 tion was also called to the tectonic features 

 of the mountain and the tendency of streams 

 to flow and swamps to form at the contact 

 between the Oriskany and overlying Esopus 

 beds. 



•New York State Museum Bull. 69, pp. 1063- 

 1065, by A. W. Grabau, and pp. 1176-1227; by 

 Gilbert Van Ingen and P. Edwin Clark. 



Passing on to Schoharie, a day was devoted 

 to the study of the Siluric and Devonic forma- 

 tions as exposed there. A part of the time 

 was spent in carefully studying and collecting 

 fossils from the formations exposed from the 

 bottom of the Schoharie Creek to the summit 

 of West Mountain. In the bed of the creek 

 were found sandstone's of the Hudson group, 

 and resting upon these were the Salina sand- 

 stones (Binnewater) and shales (Brayman). 

 Prom this as a starting point we ascended the 

 West Mountain and in doing so passed over 

 and examined the Cobleskill, Eondout and 

 Manlius of the Siluric; the Coeymans, New 

 Scotland, Becraft, Port Ewen, Oriskany, 

 Esopus, Schoharie and Onondaga of the 

 Devonic, the Onondaga limestone forming the 

 hard resistant capping of the mountain. This 

 locality furnished a splendid illustration of 

 the behavior of the various formations under 

 weathering, the hard resistant limestones 

 forming cliffs while the shales and softer beds 

 formed wooded or cultivated slopes. Later 

 in the day the party visited and carefully 

 examined the formations exposed in the lime- 

 stone quarries east of the village. 



A short stop was made at Little Falls to 

 examine the Beekmantown limestone and its 

 contact with the underlying crystalline rocks 

 and to note the peculiar physiographic fea- 

 tures of the Mohawk Valley at this point. 

 Then the party moved on to TJtica, whence 

 trips were made to Trenton Falls and Wash- 

 ington Mills. At Trenton Falls the Tren- 

 ton beds were carefully examined in the 

 walls of the gorge and fossils were collected 

 both from the beds in place and from the 

 material excavated and thrown out by the 

 Utica Electric Light and Power Company 

 when installing their plant at the side of the 

 river. At Washington Mills were found ex- 

 cellent exposures of Utica shale and lower 

 Loraine, and resting disconformably' upon 

 the latter the Oneida conglomerate, which in 

 turn is succeeded conformably by the Clinton 

 beds. These Clinton beds were studied in the 

 gorge of Swift Creek, the type locality. 



At Pulaski, along the gorge of Salmon 



= Grabau, Science, N. S., Vol. XXII., pp. 534, 

 1905. 



