Apbil 20, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



605 



Louisiana, being sold as pure wheat bran. 

 In these instances analysis reported on rice 

 meal indicated that there had been an addi- 

 tion of rice hulls. The law in Louisiana, 

 which has been in existence for about one 

 year, requiring the manufacturer to tag 

 each sack of bran, giving the composition 

 of protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber, 

 has served to some extent to check the 

 wholesale adulteration of rice bran. 



With regard to the by-products of the 

 sugar mills, molasses, which a few years 

 ago was held to be refuse, and was either 

 given away to be taken out of sight and out 

 of the way, and which often was dumped 

 into the plantation ditches, is now consid- 

 ered a most valuable ingredient in the feed 

 of stock, and is worth at least $8 per ton. 



Relation of Schools to Civic Improvement : 

 Louise Klein Miller, Curator of School 

 Gardens, Cleveland, Ohio. (Illustrated 

 by stereopticon.) 



An instructive description of work done 

 in Cleveland, under public school auspices, 

 with private cooperation, by which many 

 vacant lots were transformed into flower 

 beds and vegetable gardens, especially in 

 portions of the city where such properties 

 are often neglected or used as dumping 

 grounds. Back yards, from being cheerless 

 and uninviting, by proper encouragement 

 of the young as well as the aged, became 

 sources of enjoyment where the first lessons 

 of horticulture and vegetable gardening 

 were learned, thus contributing to the pride 

 and pleasure of the people in their homes 

 as well as to the health and beauty of the 

 neighborhood. 



At the end of five years the Home Gar- 

 dening Association, through which this 

 work is developed, finds its work more 

 widely known and its aim better under- 

 stood. This is manifest in a number of 

 ways. The occupant of a small house is 

 furnished an incentive to make the yard 



attractive. The real-estate dealer recog- 

 nizes the improvement in the appearance 

 of property and appreciates the consequent 

 increase in values. The teachers and school 

 officials, almost without exception, concede 

 the vital interest aroused in the pupil and 

 are ready to make use of this aid to school 

 work. People concerned for the improve- 

 ment of city conditions are satisfied that 

 this is one of the effective means to secure 

 that most desirable result. Inquiries from 

 other communities are increasing, and, in a, 

 number of instances, work along similar 

 lines has been started. 



Southern Cotton-mill Workers: Their Con- 

 dition and Needs: Rev. J. A. Baldwin, 

 Piedmont Industrial School, Charlotte, 

 N. C. 



Before the war the poor white people 

 had very meager educational advantages, 

 and consequently most of them were illit- 

 erate. Much has been done for their de- 

 scendants at the mills, but so much still 

 remains to be done that the situation is 

 really appalling. The public schools are to 

 be found at every mill, and are doing much 

 good, but there is much to be done which 

 they are not doing and can not do. Some 

 kindergartens have been established. There 

 ought to be many more. With shorter 

 hours of labor, which are sure to come, 

 special impetus will be given to night 

 classes. But there are thousands of young 

 people who can not read and write, and 

 very few of the others can do much more. 

 They have in them wonderful possibilities, 

 as evidenced by the fact that most of the 

 superintendents and practically all the 

 room overseers have come right up from 

 the lowest places in the mill. These young 

 people are beginning to be interested in 

 education. They are awaking from the 

 sleep of generations. But there are no 

 schools that suit them. 



They are too old to go into the schools 



