SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Tridat, June 1, 1906. 

 contents. 



Benjamin Framklin: as Printer and Philos- 

 opher: Peesident Chaeles W. Eliot 833 



An Empirical Study of College Entrance Ex- 

 aminations: Peofessoe Edwaed L. Thobn- 



DIKE 839 



Scientific Books: — 



Sherman's Methods of Organic Analysis: 

 De. a. G. Woodman 845 



Scientific Journals and Articles 846 



Societies and Academies: — 



Society for Experimental Biology and Medi- 

 cine: Db. William J. Gies. The Ameri- 

 can Chemical Society, New York Section: 

 Dr. F. H. Pough 846 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



The Origin of the Small Sand Mounds in 

 the Oulf Coast Country: Pbofessoe J. A. 

 Udden 849 



Special Articles: — 



Recent Earthquakes recorded at Albany, 

 N. Y.: Dr. David H. Newland. Para- 

 physes in the Oenus Olomerella: De. John 

 L. Sheldon 851 



Current Notes on Meteorology : — 



Kite-flying over the Atlantic; Meteorolo- 

 gische Zeitschrift ; Clean Air after Thun- 

 derstorm; Kite-flying at Barbados; Rain- 

 making in the Yukon; Notes: Professor 

 Pv. Dec. Ward 852 



Botanical Notes: — ■ 

 An Alpine Botanical Laboratory : Peofessoe 

 Chaeles E. Bessey 853 



Royal Society Conversazione 854 



The Mikkelsen Expedition to the Beaufort Sea 856 



Mosquito Extermination: Peofessoe John 

 B. Smith 857 



The American Association of Museums 859 



The Ithaca Meeting of the American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science 861 



Scientific Notes and News 861 



University and Educational News 864 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review should be sent to the Editor of Soiehce, Garrison-on- 

 Hudson, N. Y. 



BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: AS PRINTER AND 

 PEILOSOPEER.^ 



The facts about Franklin as a printer 

 are simple and plain, but impressive. His 

 father, respecting the boy's strong disin- 

 clination to become a tallow-chandler, se- 

 lected the printer's trade for him, after 

 giving him opportunities to see members 

 of several different trades at their work, 

 and considering the boy's own tastes and 

 aptitudes. It was at twelve years of age 

 that Franklin signed indentures as an ap- 

 prentice to his older brother James, who 

 was already an established printer. By 

 the time he was seventeen years old he had 

 mastered the trade in all its branches so' 

 completely that he could venture with 

 hardly any money in his pocket first into 

 New York and then into Philadelphia with- 

 out a friend or acquaintance in either place, 

 and yet succeed promptly in earning his 

 living. He knew all departments of the 

 business. He was a pressman as well as a 

 compositor. He understood both news- 

 paper and book work. There were at that 

 time no such sharp subdivisions of labor 

 and no such elaborate machinery as exist 

 in the trade to-day, and Franklin could do 

 with his own eyes and hands, long before 

 he was of age, everything which the print- 

 er's art was then equal to. When the 

 faithless Governor Keith caused Franklin 

 to land in London without any resources 

 whatever except his skill at his trade, the 



'Address before the meeting of the American 

 Philosophical Society to commemorate the two- 

 hundredth anniversary of the birth of Benjamin 



Franklin, Philadelphia, April 20, 1906. 



