June 1, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



851 



suit in the formation of irregular chimneys 

 of sand in such clays. This hypothesis ap- 

 pears to require so exceptional conditions as 

 to be almost irreconcilable with the wide dis- 

 tribution of the mounds. J. A. Udden. 

 AuGUSTANA College, 

 Rock Island, III., 

 May 15, 1906. 



SPECIAL ARTICLES. 



RECENT EARTHQUAKES RECORDED AT ALBANY, N. Y. 



Under the direction of Dr. John M. Clarke, 

 state geologist, a seismograph has been in- 

 stalled at Albany, 'N. Y., and was placed in 

 operation early in March, this year. The 

 instrument belongs to the Bosch-Omori hori- 

 zontal-pendulum type. It is mounted on a 

 concrete pier in the basement of Geological 

 Hall. Special care has been taken to isolate 

 the pier, so far as practicable, and to protect 

 the instrument from artificial disturbances. 

 There are two pendulums which record the 

 north-south and east-west components of mo- 

 tion. The elevation above sea level has not 

 been determined, but it is somewhat less than 

 100 feet 



Up to April 22, three seismic disturbances 

 had been recorded, one on April 10 and two 

 on April 18, the date of the destructive earth- 

 quake at San Francisco. 



1. April 10, P.M.' 



East-West North-South 

 Comp. Comp. 



h. m. s. h. m. s. 

 Beginning, 4 29 15 4 29 

 Beginning principal part, 4 41 4 41 



End principal part, 4 46 4 42 30 



End, 5 27 4 58 ' 



Maximum amplitude, 35 mm. 25 mm. 



Period of maximum waves, 24 17 



2. April 18, A.M. 



Beginning, 8 21 30 8 21 30 



Beginning principal part, 8 32 30 8 3'3 



End principal part, 8 42 8 42 



End, 11 05 9 37 



Maximum amplitude, 48 mm. 65 mm. 

 Period of maximum waves, 20 18 



3. April IS, P.M. 



Beginning, 7 48 30 7 48 



End, 8 7 57 



Maximum amplitude, 0.1 mm. 

 ' Eastern standard time. 



The multiplying ratio of the pointers was 

 twelve on April 10 and ten on April 18. The 

 period of both pendulums was about 30 s. The 

 instrument has been in good working order 

 since its installation, though on April 10 the 

 east-west pointer (registering north-south com- 

 ponent) showed an abnormal displacement due 

 probably to its being in slightly unstable equi- 

 librium. The displacement was coincident in 

 time with the arrival of the larger waves. 

 Again on April 18 (a.m.) the record made 

 by the same pendulum showed a greater ampli- 

 tude for the maximum wave than that regis- 

 tered by the north-south pendulum, but this 

 was apparently due to the seismic disturbance 

 itself, as the preceding and subsequent waves 

 on the former record were much smaller. 



It is interesting to note that the duration 

 of the preliminary tremors was about the same 

 in the earthquake of April 10 and in the 

 larger one of April 18, which, if the former 

 came from the west, as seems probable, would 

 indicate that the two had a common origin. 

 David H. Newland. 



Geological Hall, 

 Albany, N. Y. 



paraphyses in the genus glomerella. 



Atkinson was probably the first investigator 

 to obtain a perfect or ascigerous stage from 

 a species of Glmosporium. Stoneman, one of 

 his students, continued this line of investiga- 

 tion, and, as a result of her studies, described 

 a new genus which she called Gnomoniopsis, 

 containing five species, one of which was con- 

 sidered doubtful. She did not happen to 

 obtain the ascigerous stage from what was 

 then known as Glmosporium fructigenum 

 (Glomerella rufomaculans) , although she grew 

 it in cultures, but Clinton did about four 

 years afterward, and several other investiga- 

 tors have since, among them being Spaulding 

 and von Schrenk, who changed the name of 

 Stoneman's genus from Gnomoniopsis to 

 Glomerella. 



With the exception of Stoneman's doubtful 

 species, there is no evidence that any of these 

 investigators saw anything suggesting para- 

 physes. On the contrary, Clinton says in his 

 bulletin on the rots of apples, ' There was no 



