942 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXIII. No. 599. 



German names, in the first German college 

 of the colonial time, Franklin Academy, 

 founded at Lancaster in 1787. 



Franklin had a large share in the print- 

 ing of German works for the Germans in 

 the Colonies, having been second only to 

 Bradford and a close competitor of Chris- 

 toph Saur. So German did his firm, Ben- 

 jamin Franklin and Johann Bohn, become 

 that his name was written Franklin in the 

 German fashion. Franklin's attitude to- 

 ward the Colonial Germans finds various 

 expression in his works. The earliest of 

 these utterances is found in his Plain Truth 

 (1747), where he calls them the ' brave and 

 steady Germans.' In 1751 he comes out 

 strongly against the upper Germans, call- 

 ing them ' the Palatine Boors ' and classify- 

 ing them among the ' tawny ' races. Again 

 in 1753 he deplores their disrespect for 

 their ministers and teachers and their un- 

 willingness to become ' anglified,' or to 

 adopt the English language, and their 

 indifference in siding with the English 

 colonists against the French, although he 

 commends them for their industry and 

 frugality. Franklin's relations with the 

 continental Germans are illustrated by the 

 honors he received at the University of Got- 

 tingen (1766) by the clever Jeu d 'esprit 

 of 1777, the 'Dialogue between Britain, 

 France, Spain, Holland, Saxony and 

 America,' and the letter ' From the Count 

 de Schaumbergh to Baron Hohendorf , ' etc., 

 the latter being an interesting companion 

 piece to Schiller's ' Kabale und Liebe. ' 



Another interesting illustration of 

 Franklin's influence in Germany is found 

 in a batch of some eighty unpublished 

 German letters directed to him by Germans 

 of all sorts advocating schemes and solicit- 

 ing information and aid. These letters are 

 soon to be published by the writer of this 

 paper. The first tribute to Franklin, per- 

 haps in any language, is that given by 



Herder, the great friend of Goethe at 

 Weimar, in his 'Letters for the Further- 

 ance of Humanity ' : ' The mind devoted to 

 the true and useful, the teacher of man- 

 kind, the director of a great society of 

 men.' 



The Vse of High-explosive Projectiles: 

 Professor Charles E. Munroe, of "Wash- 

 ington. 



In 1885, the author discussed in Van 

 Nostrand's Engineering Magazine various 

 experiments made in testing the use of high 

 explosives in projectiles, and in conclusion 

 stated the conditions essential for effi- 

 ciency. He has now reviewed the experi- 

 ences of the intervening years and finds his 

 conclusions of 1885 fully confirmed. 



Ammoniacal Gas Liquors: Professor 

 Charles E. Munroe, of Washington. 

 In preparing a report on the gas in- 

 dustry of the United States for the census 

 of 1905 it was found that manufacturers 

 gave the strength of the ammoniacal liquors 

 in a great variety of units, such as degrees 

 Twaddell, per cents, of NH' or ammonium 

 sulphate and ' ounce strength,' the latter 

 being the favorite. In an investigation 

 looking toward finding a means of reducing 

 these to a common basis it was found that 

 'ounce strength' as used in the United 

 States has a different meaning from what 

 it has abroad, for in adopting this method 

 of measurement here it has been applied 

 to the United States gallon instead of the 

 Imperial gallon, for which it was devised. 

 This tends to explain the apparent differ- 

 ence in the yields from coals in the United 

 States as compared with European coals. 



Chromosomes in the Spermatogenesis of the 



Hemiptera Heteroptera: Professor Thos. 



H. Montgomery, Jr., of Austin, Texas. 



The spermatogenesis of forty species of 



this group was described in detail, with 



especial regard to the history of the 



