416 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXV. No. 637 



+ HOR', is accelerated by the addition of 

 an acid (HCl) or of an ammonium salt 

 (NH4CI), simply because the reaction sub- 

 stance is not the whole imino ester but only 

 its positive ions. A constant is obtained 

 on the basis of the isothermal equation: 

 dx/dt = K X Cpo.. ester ions X C^^^, the Ve- 

 locity being- always proportionate to the 

 concentration of the positive ester ions, 

 although they form only a very small but 

 rigorously calculable part of the ester used. 

 The results are in entire accord with the 

 author's theory of the catalysis of esters, 

 cane-sugar, etc., under the influence o'f 

 acids. 

 Freezing Points of Mixtures of Sulphur 



and Iodine: Alexander Smith and C. 



M. Caeson. (By title.) 



This report has been transmitted through 

 Professor Charles L. Parsons, Secretary of 

 Section C. C. B. Waters, 



Press Secretary. 

 (To be continued) 



THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN 

 GEOGRAPHERS 



The third annual meeting of this asso- 

 ciation was held December 31, 1906, and 

 January 1, 1907, at the building of the 

 American Geographical Society, in New 

 York City. The president, Mr. Cyrus C. 

 Adams, presided, and delivered the presi- 

 dent's address upon the subject, 'Some 

 Phases of Future Geographical Work in 

 America. ' 



Professor I. C. Russell, member and 

 councilor of the association, died during 

 the year, and a memorial was read by Pro- 

 fessor W. M. Davis. The Monday eve- 

 ning session was devoted to the following 

 addresses: Mrs. Leonidas Hubbard, Jr., 

 ' The Rapids of Labrador Rivers ' ; Dr. F. 

 A. Cook, 'The Ascent of Mount McKinley' ; 

 Mr. Alfred H. Brooks, 'A Meeting with 

 Captain Amundsen at Nome.' 



In the general program the following 

 papers were read by their authors : 



William Churchill, 'Insularism, and the 

 Nesiote Type'; A. L. Roteh, 'The Circula- 

 tion and Temperature of the Atmosphere 

 at Great Heights above the Tropical At- 

 lantic'; Charles C. Adams, 'The Evolution 

 of the Isle Royal Biotic Environment ' ; G. 

 E. Condra, 'The Opening of the Indian 

 Territory'; I. Bowman, 'The Deserts of 

 Peru and Chili in South American His- 

 tory'; E. N. Transeau, 'The Need of 

 Evaporation Data in Plant Geography'; 

 William Libbey, 'Problems of the Panama 

 Canal'; W J McGee, 'The Prospective 

 Conquest of the Mississippi River ' ; Angelo 

 Heilprin, 'Guiana and Venezuela as a 

 Field for Geographical Exploration, with 

 some Observations on a Recent Visit to 

 the Essequibo Wilderness'; G. W. Little- 

 hales, 'The Nature and Purpose of the 

 Chart Publications of the Navy Depart- 

 ment, and their Geographical Extent'; 

 B. 0. Hovey, 'The Isthmus of Tehuante- 

 pec'; Alfred H. Brooks, 'Railway Routes 

 in Alaska'; H. L. Bridgeman, 'The Inter- 

 national Polar Congress at Brussels'; E. 

 Huntington, 'Influence of Change of Cli- 

 mate upon History'; R. DeC. Ward, 'The 

 Meteorology of the North and South Polar 

 Areas'; W. M. Davis, 'Place of Coastal 

 Plains in Systematic Physiography'; W J 

 McGee, 'The American Deserts and their 

 Reclamation ' ; W. M. Davis, ' Geography as 

 defined by Hettner'; F. P. Gulliver, 'The 

 Orientation of Maps'; A. P. Brigham, 

 'Geogi'aphy for College Entrance'; Collier 

 Cobb, 'Hatteras Island and its Shifting 

 Sands'; D. W. Johnson, 'The Textux'e of 

 Topography'; W. M. Davis, 'The Eastern 

 Slope of Mexico'; H. E. Merwin, 'Land 

 Forms as Plant Controls'; Cleveland Abbe, 

 'A Study of Airy's Projection by Balance 

 of Errors'; A. W. Grabau, 'Classification 

 of Marine Life Districts.' 



The annual dinner was held on Tuesday 



