636 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXV. No. 642 



uated in 1886. Two years later he took his 

 B.Sc. and then studied abroad at Berne, Gott- 

 ingen and Munich. There he flung himself 

 upon laboratory methods and bacteriology and 

 in 1889 became professor of bacteriology in 

 the College of State Medicine in London. He 

 was associated with Lord Lister, Sir Joseph 

 Fayrer and others in the inception and foun- 

 dation of the Jenner Institute and was him- 

 self director of the institute. Under his direc- 

 tion the new and splendid laboratories were 

 built at Chelsea. That institute is now known 

 as the Lister Institute and into it Dr. Mac- 

 fadyen built some of the best years of his life. 

 But that which will give him a permanent 

 place, according to the London Lancet, in the 

 history of science is his experimental work on 

 the intracellular toxins of bacteria with which 

 his name is so intimately associated. His many 

 valuable papers to the Eoyal Society and sci- 

 entific journals, English and German, testify 

 to his activity in the investigation of impor- 

 tant matters relating to preventive medicine. 

 They run over a wide range of subjects, but 

 by far the most important, as they will prob- 

 ably be the most enduring, are his studies on 

 the intracellular toxins. After resigning his 

 position at the Lister Institute, where his per- 

 sistence in this line of research was, we must 

 suppose, unappreciated, although it had the 

 support of Lord Lister, he pursued his investi- 

 gations at King's College and at the Wellcome 

 Laboratory. Concerning his work there a 

 friend writes : " Macf adyen's view was that 

 serum therapeutics had reached an impasse, 

 owing to the great difficulty of producing effi- 

 cient antibodies for intracellular toxins, and 

 he made a profound study of the delicate and 

 volatile nature of the most active toxins and 

 the destructive effect of heat and other agents 

 upon most of them. He had prepared from 

 the endotoxins of the bacilli of typhoid fever, 

 cholera, pneumonia and other diseases serums 

 of higher antitoxic power than had ever been 

 obtained before. At the time when he became 

 ill he had succeeded in his anticipation with 

 the plague endotoxin and was working also at 

 Malta fever. He expected to have brought to 

 completion in the course of three or four 



months a research which had engaged his at- 

 tention for years and which would have 

 brought the sera into use. His anti-typhoid 

 serum has already begun to be employed in 

 some of the London hospitals. But, alas, it 

 was not given to him to finish his work." 



Dr. Macfadyen had made a reputation for 

 himseK as a popularizer of science. In his 

 lectures before the Royal Institute he attained 

 a distinct success as a public si)eaker. He 

 was married to Miss Marie Bartling, the 

 daughter of Professor Bartling, director of 

 the Botanical Gardens at Gottingen. He 

 leaves a widow but no children. Many of his 

 pupils are in Canada and in this country and 

 from all over the world expressions of sym- 

 pathy have been received from those who 

 worked with him in his laboratories at Chelsea. 



GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS FOR SCI- 

 ENTIFIC PURPOSES FOR THE FISCAL 



TEAR ENDING JUNE Sa, 1908 

 The following list of appropriations for the 

 fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, for the gov- 

 ernment scientific bureaus has been compiled 

 from the various congressional appropriation 

 acts. It is not an official summary such as 

 will appear later in the digest of appropria- 

 tions published by the division of bookke^- 

 ing and warrants of the Treasury Department. 

 Besides the bureaus included in this list 

 are~a number of departmental interests which 

 involve the direct application of science in one 

 form or another. Under the Treasury De- 

 partment, for instance, the supervising archi- 

 tect's office, the office of the director of the 

 mint, and assay offices, the bureau of engrav- 

 ing and printing, and the whole of the public 

 health and marine hospital service, are in a 

 sense bureaus of applied science. So, too, 

 under the War Department, the office of chief 

 of engineers, the bureau of ordnance, the 

 signal office, and the surgeon general's office, 

 and under the Navy Department, the bureau 

 of steam engineering, the bureau of ordnance, 

 and the bureau of medicine and surgery might 

 be called scientific bureaus. The lighthouse 

 board of the Department of Commerce and 

 Labor, and the Indian office and bureau of 

 education of the Interior Department, are 



