742 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXV. No. 645 



duce a fatal disease it does not suffice to inter- 

 fere partly with the free secretion of the 

 pancreatic juice into the intestines as in the 

 first series of experiments, or to injure some 

 of the parenchyma and at the same time allow 

 the juice to secrete into the peritoneal cavity, 

 as in the second series. The interference with 

 the circulation must be such as to produce a 

 lesion of the whole organ, so that not only 

 will the organism be deprived of the normal 

 function of the pancreatic cells, as after ex- 

 tirpation of the organ, but also every cell will 

 become diseased and begin to act abnormally 

 and injuriously to the organism. 



The Pathology of Function: an experimental 

 laboratory course: Haven Emekson. 

 An outline of experimental procedures com- 

 prising a laboratory course at Columbia Uni- 

 versity, on some common disorders of function 

 and the physiological methods of detecting 

 them. 



The Influence of Alcohol on the Composition 

 of Urine: F. C. Hinkel and William 

 Salant. 



The data obtained by the authors are illus- 

 trated by the appended summary of results of 

 a long experiment : 



TABLE SHOWING THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL 



(50 o.c. OF 50^ OB 70^ daily) on the 



COMPOSITION OF DOG UEINE 



Average Daily Output in Grams 



Fore period Alcohol periods After 



50^ 70){ period 



6 days 6 days 7 days 10 days 



Total nitrogen .. 5.5856 4.9066 5.2846 5.2590 



Total sulphur . . . 0.3368 0.2553 0.2978 



Neutral sulphur . 0.0917 0.1035 0.1402 



Inorganic sulphur 0.2081 0.1334 0.1442 0.2187 



Ethereal sulphur 0.0371 0.0185 0.0133 0.0067 



PA 0.8016 0.5526 0.5730 0.6959 



Chlorides 0.3872 0.3000 0.3210 0.3631 



Spirochwta microgyrata (Low.) and Mouse 



Tumors: Gary N. Calkins. 



The author described a tumor taken from 

 the right fore leg of a female mouse. A piece 

 of the tumor weighing about 1^ gram was 

 ground up with normal salt solution (3 c.c. 

 of solution per gram of tumor material) and 

 this was injected under the skin of the neck 



in twelve white mice. The remainder was 

 fixed in 10-per-cent. fpxmalin and in Zenker's 

 fluid. One tumor has appeared in the inocu- 

 lated mice. Dr. Ewing described the tumor 

 from sections as an adenoma with glandular 

 characters of the thyroid. Necrotic areas are 

 few in number and very small; mitotic figures 

 are rare. 



Sections of the tumor put through the 

 Levaditi silver nitrate method reveal the pres- 

 ence of Spirochwta microgyrata. The spiro- 

 chsete is not widely distributed, but may be 

 found at various points in the tumor mass, 

 especially in the few small vacuolar areas. 

 It has the characters of the species described 

 by Lowenthal in 1905 in a case of human 

 ulcerated carcinoma. 

 On the Competency of the Venous Valves and 



the Venous Flow in Relation to Changes in 



Intra-abdominal Pressure: Eussell Bur- 



ton-Opitz. 



In these experiments on dogs, the author 

 measured blood flow in a femoral vein by 

 means of his new recording stromuhr^ and 

 suddenly raised intra-abdominal tension either 

 by pressure with the hands upon the external 

 surface of the abdomen, or by inflation of the 

 cavity with air. 



In both cases a retardation of the venovis in- 

 flow was noticed, the degree of the slowing 

 of the blood-stream being in accordance with 

 the increase in the intra-abdominal pressure. 



A more abrupt and decisive slowing of the 

 blood stream occurred when pressure was 

 exerted with the hands. It then became pos- 

 sible at times to produce not only a stoppage 

 of the flow, but also a slight backward move- 

 ment, such as can be accounted for by the 

 stretching of the venous valves. 

 On Vaso-motor Nerves in the Pulmonary Cir- 

 cuit : Eussell Burton-Opitz. 



Various carefully devised experimental pro- 

 cedures failed to reveal vaso-motor influences 

 in the pulmonary circuit. 

 The Effect of Salicylic Acid upon Autolysis: 



L. B. Stookey. 



The liver, kidney, spleen and muscle taken 

 from dogs which had received subcutaneously 



^ This volume, p. 422. 



