770 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXV. No. 646 



Glaciation of Manhattan Island, New York: 

 Alexis A. Julien. Read by title. 



Glacial Erosion in the Northfiord: Mark 

 S. W. Jefferson. Read by title. 



Recent Changes in the Glaciers of Glacier 

 Bay, Alaska: P. E. and C. W. "Wright. 

 A general geologic reconnoissance of Gla- 

 cier Bay, Alaska, was made by the writers, 

 assisted by Mr. R. W. PumpeUy, during 

 the past summer. In the course of their 

 investigations the existing glaciers were re- 

 mapped and studied with special reference 

 to the changes which nave taken place since 

 1891, when a careful topographical survey 

 was made of them by Dr. H. Fielding Reid. 

 It was found that, in general, recession and 

 melting on a remarkable scale have pre- 

 vailed, although local advance was observed 

 at several points. Comparative photo- 

 graphs were presented showing these 

 changes and the causes were discussed 

 which have probably been active in pro- 

 ducing such effects. Incidentally, several 

 phases of glacial sculpture were briefly de- 

 scribed, also a new photo-topographic 

 method which was applied to this region 

 and found well adapted to work of such 

 character. 



Professor "Wright's paper was discussed 

 by Professors Blake, Reid, Gulliver and G. 

 F. Wright. 



Recent Changes in the Malaspina and other 



Glaciers of the Yakutat Bay Region, 



Alaska: Ralph S. Taer. 



In the interval between September, 1905, 



and June, 1906, the eastern (Marvine) lobe 



of the Malaspina glacier and several smaller 



glaciers in the Yakutat Bay region have 



advanced so rapidly as to break the ice into 



a sea of crevasses. Glaciers which were 



easily traversed in 1905 are now practically 



impassable. This paper describes these 



changes, shows comparative illustrations of 



the conditions in the two seasons, discusses 



the phenomena associated with the change, 

 proves that the forward movement is still 

 in progress, and discusses the cause of thia 

 remarkable change, suggesting its relation 

 to the vigorous earthquake action. 



Professor Tarr's paper was discussed by 

 Professors Jaggar, Reid and Brooks. 



The Glacier of the Lebanon Mountains: G. 



Frederick "Wright. 



In the autumn of 1905, in company with 

 Professor A. B. Day, of the Syrian Protes- 

 tant College of Beirut, the author took a 

 horseback excursion of several days, leading 

 diagonally from Beirut to the cedars of 

 Lebanon. The results of his observations 

 were to demonstrate, from the lack of 

 glacial phenomena, and from the character 

 of eroded surface, that there had been no 

 general glaciation of these mountains. But 

 it was clearly evident that a single glacier 

 had extended from the highest summit of 

 the range (10,000 feet above the sea) five 

 or six miles down the valley of the Kadisha 

 River, and lingered long enough to build 

 up a terminal moraine three miles wide and 

 four miles long and one thousand feet in 

 thickness. Upon the surface of the upper 

 end of this moraine the famous grove of 

 the cedars of Lebanon is now to be found. 

 Many subsidiary observations were re- 

 corded in correction of erroneous views 

 which have been entertained. 



Professor "Wright's paper was discussed 

 by Dr. H. C. Hovey and Professor G. F. 

 "Wright. 



Ice Present during the Formation of Gla- 

 cial Terraces: F. P. Gulliver. 

 This paper described with maps and 

 lantern slides some glacial deposits along 

 the Connecticut, Thames and Quinnebaug 

 rivers, which have usually been classed 

 with the terraces formed by the down- 

 cutting of the rivers. An example of ter- 

 races which have surely been carved by 

 river action is found on the "Westfield river 



