May 17, 1907] 



SCIENCE 



771 



west of Springfield, Mass. The deposits 

 described along the Connecticut rivers were 

 contrasted with those found at Westfield, 

 and it was shown that they must have been 

 formed before the ice had completely 

 melted from the valleys. These deposits 

 were therefore forms of aggradation and 

 not forms produced by - degradation. 

 Typical eskers, deltas and kettle-holes are 

 associated with these so-called terraces; 

 and even where these deposits have the 

 characteristic form of river-cut terraces, 

 cross sections as revealed by railway or 

 other cuts show delta structure rather than 

 the structure of alluvial flood plains. The 

 delta lobes point either down stream or 

 into side valleys, and there are frequently 

 found unfilled portions of the main pre- 

 glacial valley and of its tributaries, below 

 the level of the delta-terrace, between the 

 delta-terrace and the rock walls of the 

 older valley. 



Dr. Gulliver's paper was discussed by 

 Professors Clapp, Salisbury, Leverett and 

 Alden. 



Discovery of Cambrian Bocks in South- 

 eastern California: N. H. Daeton. Eead 

 by title. 



Limestones of Westchester and Putnam 

 Counties, New York: Charles P. Beb- 



KEY. 



In the course of detailed areal mapping 

 of the Tarrytown and West Point quad- 

 rangles, opportunity has been offered for 

 extensive study of the variations and com- 

 parisons of the relationships of the forma- 

 tions characteristic of the Highlands region 

 of New York. Certain constants of rela- 

 tion and character together with the causes 

 for occasional variability and abnormal 

 occurrences were discussed in this paper, 

 and their bearing upon further strati- 

 graphic and structural work suggested. 

 The Galena Series: Frederick "W. Sarde- 



SON. 



The so-called Trenton and the Galena 

 formations of the Galena series in Wiscon- 

 sin, Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota were dis- 

 cussed in regard to their present and orig- 

 inal wide extent and uniform thickness. 

 The lithologie diversity and the faunally 

 uniform condition of the parts of the series 

 were briefly considered. The relation which 

 the naming of these formations has borne 

 to the formational uniformity was outlined. 

 The value of the Beloit formation as a 

 geologic unit was followed by a like discus- 

 sion of the Platteville limestone, leading to 

 the question of expediency in using litho- 

 logie, as against paleontologic, evidence, as 

 the basis for geologic formational units, in 

 regard to the Galena series in particular, 

 and somewhat as to formations in general. 



Age and Stratigraphic Belations of the 

 Chattanooga Black Shale: Amadeus W. 

 Grabau. 



Recent studies made of the principal sec- 

 tions of the Black Shale in the southern 

 Appalachians have convinced the author 

 that the reported hiatus between the Black 

 Shale and the overlying formations does not 

 exist, and that hence the age of the shale 

 needs to be reconsidered. The facts bear- 

 ing on this problem, together with an out- 

 line of the corresponding paleographic con- 

 ditions of eastern United States as inter- 

 preted by the author, were presented. 



The Medina Sandstone Problem: Amadeus 



W. Grabau. 



Following up the line of investigation 

 which led the author, at the Philadelphia 

 meeting of the society, to announce his con- 

 clusions that the Oneida conglomerate is of 

 late Medina age, and the Shawangunk 

 conglomerate is of Salina age (since con- 

 firmed by the finding by the New York 

 Survey of a Salina fauna in this conglom- 

 erate), the present communication deals 

 more especially with the mode of formation 

 of these sandstones and conglomerates. 



