956 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXV. No. 651 



Transactions of the Swedish Academy in 

 1732.^ This was followed by the first edi- 

 tion of his ' Systema Naturte, ' published in 

 Leyden in 1735. The 'Fundamenta Be- 

 tanica' followed in 1736, and was later en- 

 larged and republished as the 'Philosophia 

 Botanica, ' in 1751. During the next ten 

 years various other botanical publications 

 appeared in rapid succession. His 'Fauna 

 Sueciea,' published in 1746, was his first 

 special work relating to zoology. It is also 

 notable as being the first work especially 

 devoted to the entire fauna of any country. 

 It was republished, with many additions, in 

 1761. Other botanical and several medical 

 works followed during the nest seven years, 

 including his monumental 'Species Plan- 

 tarum,' published in 1753. In the same 

 year also appeared the 'Museum Tes- 

 sianum, ' consisting chiefly of descriptions 

 of minerals and fossils, the latter mainly 

 shells and corals, and in 1754 the 'Museum 

 Adolphi Frideriei, ' relating exclusively to 

 exotic animals. This was a folio with 33 

 plates, the most extensive and most elabo- 

 rately illustrated of all of Linnaeus 's works. 

 Two important medical works appeared in 

 1760, and his third zoological work, the 

 'Museum Ludovicise UlricEe,' in 1764, a 

 thick octavo, to which was annexed the 

 second part of the 'Museum Adolphi 

 Frideriei. ' 



During these thirty years of marvelous 

 scientific activity, Linnaeus also contributed 

 many papers to the transactions of the 

 Upsala and Stockholm Academies and to 

 the 'Amoenitates Academici.' The latter, 

 in ten octavo volumes, consists of disserta- 

 tions or academical theses, mostly by his 

 students, selected, edited and published by 

 him, and thus may be regarded as of equal 

 authority with his own writings. Seven 



^ His ' Hortus Uplandicus ' is said to have ap- 

 peared one year earlier. See ' List of the Works 

 of liinnseus,' in Jardine's Naturalist's Library, 

 Vol. I., 1833, p. xvii, foot-note. 



of these volumes were published during 

 his lifetime and contain a number of his 

 own minor papers. 



This brief outline of Linnaeus 's life, his 

 opportunities, and the published results 

 of his scientific labors, affords the basis for 

 the consideration of Linnseus as a zoologist. 

 As has been shown, he was primarily a 

 botanist; he waa also a mineralogist, an 

 entomologist and a conchologist, but only 

 incidentally a vertebrate zoologist. In this 

 field his interest was less strong, his oppor- 

 tunities for research the most restricted. 

 His zoological writings, exclusive of a few 

 minor papers, are comprised in the 'Fauna 

 Sueciea,' the 'Museum Adolphi Frideriei,' 

 the 'Museum Ludovicise Ulricse' and the 

 several editions of his 'Systema Naturae.' 

 The first edition, appearing in 1735, was a 

 folio of only 12 pages, consisting merely 

 of a conspectus of his ' Systema, ' in tabular 

 form. The second edition, published in 

 1740, was an octavo of 40 pages, in which 

 were added, for the animal kingdom, the 

 characters of the groups. The sixth, pub- 

 lished in 1748, was greatly enlarged, the 

 zoological part alone consisting of 76 pages, 

 illustrated with six plates, or one for each 

 of his six classes of animals. The tenth, 

 published in 1758, was in two octavo vol- 

 umes, of which the zoology formed the first 

 volume, consisting of 824 pages. The 

 twelfth, and the last edition revised by the 

 author, was issued in three volumes, the 

 first of which, containing the zoology, and 

 comprising 1,427 pages, appeared in 1766. 

 Thus in thirty-three years this work grew 

 from a brochure of 12 pages to a work of 

 2,400 pages. 



The first edition of the 'Systema' was 

 published when the author was only twenty- 

 eight years old, during his sojourn in Hol- 

 land ; he had never previously been beyond 

 the confines of southern Sweden, except 

 on his journey to Lapland and Finland in 

 1732, and he had had access to no large 



