Mat 8, 1£ 



SCIENCE 



741 



Annals and Magazine of Naiural History, 

 March, 1889, PL VIII.; a more satisfactory 

 figure was published by Bing and Burckbardt 

 in 1905 {Jenaische Denhschrift, Vol. IV., 

 p. 518). 



Fig. 164, A, B, Cj D — From tbe originals 

 these four views of the frog's brain are re- 

 duced somewhat, darker and less clear, espe- 

 cially as to the intercerebral fissure. The 

 midsection (D) was taken by the author from 

 the paper in the Morphol. Jahrhuch, Vol. 

 Xn., p. 239, by H. F. Osborn, who was care- 

 ful to delimit the cut surface resulting from 

 the division of the secondarily coalesced oKac- 

 tory lobes; the dorsal part of this boundary is 

 omitted in both the original and the adapta- 

 tion. 



Figs. 166 and 167 — In all sis of the figures 

 of the brains of Eatteria and the turtle the 

 slender tracts connecting the cerebral hemi- 

 spheres with the olfactory bulbs are desig- 

 nated by I, the first of the cranial nerves, 

 as if in the obsolete and misleading anthro- 

 potomic sense. The original has a midsection 

 of the Hatieria brain, omitted from the 

 adaptation. Both should have included mid- 

 sections of the bird's and of the rabbit's or 

 other simple eutherian mammal. 



Fig. 170 — On the ventral and lateral aspects 

 of the rabbit's brain the primary fissure (r. f.) 

 demarcating the olfactory tract and hippo- 

 campal lobe from the pallium ceases much 

 sooner than in nature. 



Fig. 171 — In the dorsum of the dog's brain 

 the olfactory bulbs are represented as if coal- 

 escent, as in frogs and toads. In the side 

 view the bulb is inadequately demarcated 

 from the tract. On the venter the trapezium 

 is indistinguishable. On both sides the cru- 

 ciate fissure is made continuous with another; 

 if such a junction really existed in the speci- 

 men from which these pictures were made the 

 exceptional feature should have been specified. 



Fig. 172 — This midsection of a marsupial 

 brain is not in the original, the author of 

 which dismisses with a brief foot-note the 

 vexed question as to the representation of the 

 callosum in implacental mammals. The 

 adapter accepts the negative view of Elliot 



Smith, but is apparently so impressed by the 

 resemblance of the " hippocampal or dorsal 

 commissure" to the true callosum as to apply 

 the title " spleniujn " to the rounded junction 

 of the two component laminae. Neither the 

 original nor the adaptation represents the en- 

 tire brain of any marsupial or monotreme. 



Fig. 173, A — In both works this is the only 

 representation of the mesal aspect of a 

 eutherian brain. It is designated simply 

 " human " and " Gehirn des Mensehen." In 

 the absence of qualification it would naturally 

 be regarded as of natural size and adult.' It 

 is, however (in the adaptation, not the orig- 

 inal), said to be " mainly after Eeichert." In 

 that anatomist's " Der Bau des menschlichen 

 Gehirns," 1859-61, as to dimensions and cer- 

 tain features it coincides with Fig. 38, a fetal 

 brain estimated at 24—26 weeks; but there are 

 omitted the occipital and calcarine fissures, 

 always deep at that and even earlier stages; 

 the shading is misleading as to the difference 

 between ectal and ental areas, and whereas the 

 cut surfaces of the fibrous pons and callosum 

 are left blank the nearly fiberless midcommis- 

 sure is conspicuously dotted. 



Fig. 173, 5— This lateral aspect of the adult 

 human cerebrum reproduces Ecker's imperfect 

 fissural schema of forty years ago upon a scale 

 too small for usefulness ; the faculty of articu- 

 late speech is, by implication, located in the 

 orbital region rather than in the subfrontal 

 (" Broca's ") gyrus ; there is no glimpse of the 

 insula or hint of its existence under that 

 name, now almost universally employed to the 

 exclusion of the ambiguous " central lobe." 



The climax of pictorial misrepresentation is 

 reached in connection with the pons. This is 

 rightly stated to be characteristic of mammals. 

 As such, one would naturally expect it to be 

 fully and clearly described and accurately por- 

 trayed. " In mammals the floor [of the ob- 

 longata] gives rise anteriorly to a transverse 



° Compare, in the original of the " B. N. A." 

 (Archil) fur Anat. u. Physiol., Anat. Abth., Suppl. 

 Band, 1895), the designation by His of Fig. 20 

 as " fotales . . . aus dem dritten Monat." It 

 might possibly be at term, but is more probably 

 adult. 



