818 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVn. No. 699 



to the position of the Pelyeosauria. Broili, 

 however, in his recent memoir upon Permian 

 Stegocephalia and Reptilia of Texas' and else- 

 where* is inclined to hold to the classification 

 of Cope and include them with the Cotylosaurs 

 and Anomodontia in the Theromorpha (Tha- 

 romora) as quite nearly related primitive 

 groups. 



Dr. Case has shown a praiseworthy con- 

 servation in the manufacture of new species, 

 and the tabular and descriptive differentia- 

 tion of the families, genera and species 

 full and clear. The quality of the illustra- 

 tion varies widely — some of the drawings are 

 excellent — most of the photographic work is 

 poor. The sketch restorations of the better- 

 known genera assist greatly in making the 

 ■subject clearer. The type revision leaves some- 

 what to be desired as to method and clearness ; 

 it would have been an aid to systematists if 

 "the author had differentiated his " types " 

 more clearly, according to the excellent 

 nomenclature given by Schuchert." Some of 

 Dr. Case's " types " are holotypes, others neo- 

 types ; " co-type " means sometimes paratype, 

 sometimes neotype, never " co-type " in the 

 generally accepted sense of the word. Many 

 of the original types (holotypes and para- 

 types) are indeterminate, or unidentifiable, 

 and the species are either indeterminate 

 or rest upon neotypes, but this should have 

 been clearly stated in each case. Lack of 

 clearness in this subject is liable to mislead 

 systematists and compilers who might sup- 

 pose it necessary to make changes in nomen- 

 clature. The reviewer, in preparing a caia- 

 logue of the types in the Cope collection, has 

 not found this necessary." 



' Pal(Eontographica, Bd. LI., 1904. 



' " Stammreptilien," Anatom. A.nz., Jena, 1904, 

 Bd. XXV., p. 577. 



"Science, 1897, p. 636; "Catalogue of Type 

 Specimens in the National Museum," Bull. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., No. 53, part 1, preface. 



" E. g.. Case refers Sphenacodon Marsh to Di- 

 metrodon Cope, which it antedates; and Clepsy- 

 drops Umbatus to Dimetrodon incisions, a later 

 described species. If definitely referable, this 

 would invalidate both the genus Dimetrodon and 

 the species incisions. But the older genus and 



Altogether the memoir is a very valuable 

 and useful contribution, and a great step for- 

 ward in our knowledge of the Permian Verte- 

 brata. As the author premises, we are by no 

 means yet in a position to revise and describe 

 the Pelyeosauria in any final and conclusive 

 manner. Nevertheless, his conclusions in re- 

 gard to the position and relationship of the 

 order are not likely to be very radically 

 altered by future discoveries. It is to be 

 hoped that the remaining groups of Permian 

 vertebrata will be similarly studied and mono- 

 graphed in the near future. 



Accurate stratigraphic work is also very 

 much needed in this field. Little is known of 

 it except through the reports of Professor 

 Cummins in the Texas Survey, which, on ac- 

 count of limited time and means and the ex- 

 tensive field to be covered, are of a pre- 

 liminary and general character and have not 

 been satisfactorily correlated with the pale- 

 ontological work and with stratigraphic work 

 in adjoining regions. Dr. Case has recently 

 published' some preliminary data for more 

 exact stratigraphic work, and Dr. L C. White 

 in his studies upon invertebrata' and Dr. 

 Broili upon the vertebrata" have published 

 some valuable stratigraphic observations upon 

 the typical region. Dr. Geo. I. Adams" has 

 also made a preliminary correlation with the 

 work of Tail" and Gould" in Oklahoma. But 

 much more remains to be done before we can 

 arrive at any adequate understanding of the 

 faunal levels in the formation and the evolu- 

 tion of the various phyla during the period. 

 W. D. Matthew 



Mental Pathology and Normal Psychology. 

 By GuSTAV Stoeeing. Translated by 

 Thomas Loveday. Pp. 298. Swan Son- 

 nenschein and Co. 1908. 

 In spite of the very general and inereas- 



speeies are in fact regarded as indeterminate and 

 should have been so placed in the synonymy. 



'Bull. A. M. N. E., 1907. 



' Amer. Nat., 1889. 



° Palwontographica, 1904, Bd. LI. 



'^'Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 1903, 191. 



"U. S. G. S., Professional Paper No. 31, 1904. 



" U. S. G. S., Water Supply and Irrigation 

 Paper No. 148, 1905. 



