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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXII. No. 812 



applied to the perfect stage, provided that in 

 other respects it conforms to the rules. 



2. For the purposes of nomenclature it is 

 agreed that the perfect stage of fungi with 

 pleomorphic life cycle is that which bears 

 the ascus in the Ascomycetes, the basidium 

 in the Basidiomycetes, the teleutospore in the 

 Uredinales and the spore in the TJstilaginales. 



3. Generic or specific names applied to im- 

 perfect stages may not be used to replace a 

 name applied to one or more species, any one 

 of which contains the perfect stage. Rule. 



Citations of pre-Friesian or pre-Persoonian 

 names follow the rule. Examples, Boletus 

 edulis Fries, not B. edulis Bull.; Polyporus 

 ovinus Fries, not P. ovinus (Schaeff.) Fries. 

 Writers who prefer, however, may write 

 Boletus edulis Fries ex. Bull., Polyporus 

 ovinus Fries ex. SchaefE., etc. 



It is recommended in case of biological 

 species (formes speciales) among the rusts 

 that authors who prefer to employ double 

 names take them from the names of the host 

 plants. A recommendation which was of- 

 fered as applying to the fungi, that when a 

 new genus is published, if there are more than 

 one species the author should cite one as the 

 type species, or if but one species, that one is 

 to be regarded as the type of the genus, was 

 adopted as a recommendation and made to ap- 

 ply to all plants. 



On one point, viz., the desirability of having 

 extensive lists of genera eonservanda, the ex- 

 pression of the opinion of those present was 

 so strong that it was practically unanimous 

 and commissions were appointed to prepare 

 lists of genera eonservanda in the fungi, 

 lichens, algas, mosses and liverworts. 



The following action was taken in regard 

 to the genera eonservanda in the pterido- 

 phytes and additional ones in the spermato- 

 phytes presented for consideration at Brus- 

 sels. Selaginella was placed among the genera 

 eonservanda, while the remaining genera in 

 the proposed list of pteridophytes were re- 

 jected. 



A commission, which had been appointed 

 for the purpose in advance of the congress, 

 carefully considered the additional genera 



eonservanda among the spermatophytes in the 

 list proposed by Janchen, and recommended 

 that 21 or 22 names be stricken out. The 

 list, as amended, with the addition of the 

 name Welwitschia, was adopted. 



The motion to amend the Vienna rules by 

 striking out the clause requiring a Latin 

 diagnosis of new genera and species was voted 

 down Monday afternoon along with several 

 other motions of a general nature. The ques- 

 tion was discussed, however, at a later time 

 when considering a motion by the paleobotan- 

 ists to the effect that a diagnosis be required 

 only in one of the following languages: 

 French, English, German or Italian. This 

 discussion broadened into a general one, and 

 although it was defeated the discussion showed 

 that there was a strong sentiment against the 

 Latin requirement, especially on the part of 

 the American botanists, and the subject will 

 probably be brought up again for discussion 

 at the next congress. 



With reference to the question of nomen- 

 clature in phytogeography the following prin- 

 ciples were adopted: 



1. Nomenclature is to be avoided and the 

 expression terminology is rather to be em- 

 ployed. 



2. When technical, words are employed a 

 clear definition of them should be given in the 

 sense in which the writer uses them, and also 

 when a term is used in a sense different from 

 that in which it has formerly been employed. 



3. It is recommended to use terms taken 

 from living (vulgar) languages to denote as- 

 sociations, etc., and reserve expressions of 

 Greek or Latin origin for higher units where 

 there are rarely equivalents in the living 

 tongues (examples, mesophytie, hydrophytic, 

 etc.). 



4. The principle of priority has no legal 

 value in phytography. Terminology is very 

 different from nomenclature, and must be 

 subject to change in order to bring it in har- 

 mony with the change of ideas in the inter- 

 pretation of facts. 



5. A recommendation for the establishment 

 of clear phytogeographical maps was adopted. 



6. Definition of ecology: phytogeographical 



