416 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXII. No. 821 



ogy and the Mining Industry upon the Eco- 

 nomic Development of the "World." This ad- 

 dress sketched in broad lines the evolution of 

 mine exploitation and in forceful manner pre- 

 sented the doctrine of conservation as applied 

 to mineral resources, hut especially to iron and 

 coal. 



The conferences and sectional meetings were 

 so separated by excursions and by social or 

 other events as to exert but little strain upon 

 the members in attendance. The effect was 

 apparent in the general good temper of the 

 participants. The congress was formally 

 opened on Thursday (August 18). On Friday 

 morning those interested especially in pre- 

 Cambrian geology joined an excursion to study 

 the Archean of the vicinity of Stockholm, and 

 in the afternoon they assembled in several 

 sections for the reading of papers. The gla- 

 cial geologists, on the other hand, devoted the 

 morning to papers on glacial erosion, and in 

 the afternoon studied the " hvarf vig lera " of 

 the neighborhood under the leadership of de 

 Geer. Saturday was given over entirely to 

 papers, Sunday to an excursion to Upsala, 

 Monday to papers, Tuesday to excursions of 

 various kinds, Wednesday in turn to papers 

 and Thursday, finally, to a general session on 

 polar exploration and to the closing cere- 

 monies. All notices except such as related to 

 actions of the council were clearly and con- 

 cisely given in a little book of convenient 

 pocket size, which, if one had always with him, 

 he needed to ask no questions in order to learn 

 the time or place of any event. A list of the 

 papers read by American and Canadian geol- 

 ogists in attendance follows : 



F. D. Adams, " The Origin of the Deep- 

 seated Metamorphism of the pre-Cambrian 

 Crystalline Schists." 



A. P. Coleman, " Metamorphism in the pre- 

 Cambrian of Northern Ontario." 



Wm. H. Hobbs, "Fracture Systems of the 

 Earth's Crust." 



H. F. Eeid, " Faults and Earthquakes." 



E. S. Tarr, " The Advance of Glaciers in 

 Alaska as a Eesult of Earthquake Shaking." 



W. G. MiUer, "The Principles of Classifi- 

 cation of the pre-Cambrian Eocks, and the 



Extent to which it is Possible to Establish a 

 Chronological Classification." 



J. F. Eemp, " Archean Eocks of the Adiron- 

 dack Area." 



A. P. Coleman, " Methods of Classification 

 of the Archean of Ontario." 



A. W. Grabau, " TJeber die Einteilung des 

 nord-amerikanischen Silurs." Also, " Conti- 

 nental Sediments in the North American 

 Paleozoic." 



F. D. Adams, " An Experimental Investiga- 

 tion into the Flow of Eocks." 



A. L. Day, " Are Quantitative Physico- 

 chemical Studies of Eocks Practicable ? " 



A. P. Coleman, " The Lower Huronian Ice 

 Age." 



H. G. Ferguson, " Mineral Eesources of the 

 Philippine Islands." 



A number of important matters were settled 

 by the council of the congress and announced 

 at the closing session. The invitation of 

 Canada to hold the next session in the do- 

 minion in 1913 was unanimously approved 

 after the invitation of Belgium had been with- 

 drawn. The council expressed its belief that 

 the congress of 1916 should be held in Bel- 

 gium. A proposition offered by Director G. 

 Otis Smith for the preparation of a standard 

 geological map of the world on the scale of 

 one to one million was left in the hands of a 

 committee consisting of Messrs. Beyschlag, 

 Smith, Suess, Teall and Tschernyschew to 

 present a plan at the next congress. The 

 council recommended that the executive com- 

 mittee of the next congress take up an inter- 

 national investigation of the fracture systems 

 of the earth's crust and publish a report in 

 the manner so successfully prosecuted for the 

 iron-ore resources and the post-glacial climatic 

 changes. Professor Beyschlag reporting for 

 the commission of the geological map of Eu- 

 rope announced that the sheets covering Cen- 

 tral Europe are now out of print and that 

 the conunission has decided to issue a new 

 edition of them. Messrs. Brock, Smith, Wil- 

 lis, Aguilera, Keidel and David were added 

 to the commission. ^jj_ Herbert Hobbs 



Stockholm, 

 August 25, 1910 



