492 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXII. No. 824 



tility among the dogmatists, on the other, 

 he led many men who had been driven from 

 the churches to realize the deep significance 

 of religion in their own lives. 



Perhaps no other one of his books shows 

 so fully the character of the man as he was 

 known to his friends; and after all it was 

 his character, as divulged in his writings, 

 that made his life so influential. He was a 

 true representative of that spirit of liberty 

 which led to the foundation of the New 

 England Colony, and which has been so 

 potent in shaping the destinies of his na- 

 tive country. He rejoiced that he and his 

 fellows did not have to meet the pressure 

 of the social order which so hampered the 

 lives of those born on foreign soils. He 

 was the strongest of individualists, firm in 

 his belief in the right of the individual to 

 develop himself in the manner of his own 

 choosing; a belief which found expression 

 on the philosophical side in his ' ' Pluralistic 

 Universe, ' ' and on the practical side in his 

 opposition to the imperialistic tendencies 

 developed in this country in connection 

 with our acquisition of the Philippine Is- 

 lands. 



And it was this general attitude of mind 

 that yielded that depth of sympathy with 

 all sorts and conditions of men which was 

 so fully exemplified in his "Varieties of 

 Religious Experience" above referred to. 



Here was a man upon whom had been 

 showered the highest of honors by societies 

 of learned men the world over; who never- 

 theless remained as modest as a child ; ever 

 eager to learn from the humblest human 

 soul the secrets of its innermost nature ; 

 and ever ready to acknowledge the limita- 

 tions of his own insight. Referring to a 

 little discussion between Schiller and my- 

 self a few years ago, he wrote to me, "I 

 don't fully understand Schiller's position, 

 or yours; — or my own, yet." How could 

 we think of him as anything but young. 



who maintained to the end such open- 

 mindedness, such mental plasticity. How 

 could we fail to honor a man who displayed 

 such intellectual integrity. 



I can not close this inadequate survey of 

 the life work of my beloved friend and 

 master without a word of personal tribute 

 which I doubt not will find an echo in the 

 thought of very many others. But for his 

 interest in some crude work of mine in my 

 youth, and before we had ever met, I should 

 probably never have discovered that I had 

 in me the capacity to think or write any- 

 thing that might be worthy of the atten-' 

 tion of any psychologist. To this one 

 kindly act I can trace the development of 

 a side of my nature which has given life 

 for me a special interest it could not other- 

 wise have had. And during the years that 

 followed he never missed an opportunity 

 to write a word of encouragement when- 

 ever any work of mine appeared to him to 

 have a shred of value. "What he did for 

 me he doubtless did for many another. 

 We have lost an inspiring master. But 

 more than that we have lost an ever faith- 

 ful and beloved friend. 



Henet Rutgers Marshall 



SURFACE TENSION IN RELATION TO CEL- 

 LULAR PROCESSES. II 



The first to suggest that surface tension 

 is a factor in muscular contraction was 

 D'Arsonval, but it was Imbert who, in 

 1897, directly applied the principle in ex- 

 planation of the contractility of smooth 

 and striated muscle fiber. In his view the 

 primary conditions are different in the 

 former from what obtain in the latter. In 

 smooth muscle fiber the extension is de- 

 termined, not by any force inside it, but by 

 external force such as may distend the or- 

 gan (intestine, bladder and arteries) in 

 whose wall it is found. The "stimulus" 

 which causes the contraction increases the 



